Status
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Gene information
General information
TC031474
Former TC numbers

If one gene is splitted or genes are merged, the original TC numbers are listed. One listed former TC number indicates the previous gene has be splitted, serveral former TC number represents a merged gene.

TC011512 		Gene

The sequence from the iB fragment is matched against the genes from the official gene set. The matche(s) is/are visualizied in a genome browser.

NC_007418.3: 3835284..3843408
Sequence information
Transcripts / Proteins (1) Get mRNA sequence
Get CDS sequence
Get protein sequence
Ortholog information (from OrthoDB)

The information about the homolog genes in Drosophila is provided by OrthoDB http://www.orthodb.org/. The homologs are sorted according to their similarity score. For an orthology statement additional analysis are required.
The data basis for the orthologs is OrthoDB v9 containing OGS3 for Tribolium castaneum and 2015_04 (r6.07) for Drosophila melanogaster.

Closest fly homologs
    		TC031474
    Gene ontology

    GO terms for Tribolium

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    There are no GO terms for Tribolium at the moment. You can help the community by providing some GO terms for this gene.


    GO terms for the homologous Drosophila genes

    Assign a GO term to this Tribolium gene by filling in the fields. Repeat to add several GO terms. Search AmiGO for the correct GO ID. Use only the most specific term - use "graph views" to browse related terms ("child terms" are more specific; the more general "parent" terms will be automatically linked). Only information based on Tribolium data should be entered - do not define terms just based on Drosophila knowledge. We will review this information and submit the annotation to the Gene Ontology consortium.


    Gene
    {{ goGene }}
    The Tribolium gene the GO term is assigned to.
    GO ID *
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    The ID of the GO term you assign to the gene. Please enter only the ID of the GO term with proceeding 'GO:'. This information is mandatory.
    Evidence
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    The evidence code describes with which method the function or location, expressed by the GO term, was show for this gene. Please refer to this page for a definition of the evidence code and a decision tree.
    Reference *
    {{ blurReferenceResult }}
    The reference where the function or location is described for the gene. Please enter a PubMed ID. This information is mandatory.
    Quotation
    If you paste here the relevant section of the reference it is for us a great help to review your annotation. The quotation may be also be displayed to the users of iBeetle-Base.
    Name
    You may enter your name. The contact information can help us to clarify any questions. If you agree, we may show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
    Email
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    * : mandatory fields
    For help on how to submit larger datasets or non experimental data please contact us.
    iBeetle screen iB_08169

    Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

    iB sequence
    Phenotype after pupal injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Pupal injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

    3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

    9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

    11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

    Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

    13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
    The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

    14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
    Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

    15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
    Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

    22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
    Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

    Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

    larval pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    empty eggs
    Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
    strong defects
    L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
    strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
    No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
    cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
    Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
    cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
    At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
    number of eggs on slide
    affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
    For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
    total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
    Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
    inside-out
    The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    Please see the help page for more information
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 20.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

    adult lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (9 dpi)
    Days post injection

    Analysis of embryonic musculature and early development
    embryo/egg with embryonic tissue, no cuticle, no fluorescence - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    larval musculature pattern irregular - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    larval musculature fluorescence decreased - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    larval musculature thinner - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    affected eggs/embryos/larvae - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%
    Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
    embryo/egg without visible larval cuticle in cuticle preparation - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%
    larva segment size decreased - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    larva appendages shape irregular - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%
    larva ventral not closed - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%
    mandible shape irregular - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    legs size decreased - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%

    legs tibiotarsus potentially fused - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%
    Comment: with femur
    affected eggs/embryos/larvae - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%
    Phenotype after larval injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Larval injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

    11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

    16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

    19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

    22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

    41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

    Terms used in the larval injection procedure

    pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    pupal molt not fulfilled
    The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
    Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

    RNAi sequence
    Primers
    Left: Right:
    Protein sequence
    • >TC031474 RA
      MVTRPGNLY KTPPGSRGT SPARSLNRS TKPSPVQSP 
NRTSRSPLR TTSKKIQSS PDRQRKTPE KVLIRSRGN 
SPAKSRDSL PGSRGSDFG SIERLDDDN NLQRIITSY 
NQTEDNINV VVRVRPLNN REKKSGDTS VIQFPGNGQ 
VLVDGIPGG PSGGQKPKL FSYNVVFEP AATQEDVLQ 
FSGMKRLIE MALEGFRCT CFCYGQTGS GKTHTLTGP 
PGLFGVRPA PFSDKHGLV FRSFLYLFQ LIQQKTDVH 
FVLKASYLE IYNEKVIDL LNPGSARKP LAVRWSKKA 
RGFFVENLF TVDCEELDD LIAVLEEGL RNRAIGKHN 
MNDFSSRSH TILTVYITS EEPAEGGVF LSRSGKINF 
VDLAGSEMT KKTQSEGKT LEEANNINK SLMVLGYCI 
SSLSDSKRR NSHIPYRDS KLTKLLADS LAGNGVTLM 
IACISPARS NISETLNTL RYAARAKKI RTKPIVLMD 
PREALILSL KREVNVLQS ENEHLRSAL NVYSGSTAG 
DLPTERRIV VTPPHVDLE KLAELEGPQ LAELVRLYM 
TENEALRRE NSELYSSRE ILQRDHELV CRENERLLK 
KLEEVNSVC CRSPLIPAR PAFSAELLN SIDSESTTN 
IWSDGDKSS HSRSPQQIP QSIQKELDK RQIKTEIQT 
PRRGHRRNK SLEESSSDS KVVRVKSSE SDGGPVLIN 
RSGTFDSNS PERERQLAG RRFSVAKPD ENEPSMNGA 
RRKLEKNSH IFGSVISLT DEEDI
    CDS sequence
    • >TC031474 RA
      atggtgacg cgtcctgga aacctgtac aaaactcct 
ccaggatca cgtggcacc agtcctgcc aggagtctg 
aacaggagc actaaaccc agtccggtc cagtcaccg 
aatcggact tcgagaagt ccactcagg actacctcg 
aagaagatt caaagcagt cccgacaga cagagaaaa 
actccggag aaagttttg ataaggtcg aggggcaac 
agtccggcg aaaagtcgg gacagtttg cccggttca 
agagggagc gattttggt agcatagag cgactggat 
gacgataac aatctacaa agaataatt acaagttac 
aatcaaacg gaagataat attaatgta gtcgtcagg 
gtgcgacca ctcaataac cgtgaaaaa aaatcgggt 
gatacttct gtgatacaa ttccctggc aatggtcaa 
gtcttggtg gatggaata ccaggcggt ccaagtggc 
ggtcagaaa cctaaactt ttctcatat aacgtagtt 
ttcgagcct gcggccact caggaagac gttttgcag 
ttttcaggc atgaaaaga ctcattgaa atggcgctt 
gaagggttc aggtgtacg tgtttttgt tatggacaa 
actggaagc ggaaaaaca cacacactg acaggacct 
cctggcctt ttcggggtg agaccggcc ccttttagt 
gataaacac ggccttgtt tttcgatcg ttcctttat 
ttgtttcaa ctgatacaa caaaaaacc gacgtacat 
ttcgtcctc aaagccagc tatctggag atttacaac 
gaaaaggta attgattta ttaaatcct ggaagcgca 
aggaagccc ctagcagtc cggtggagc aaaaaagca 
cgcggtttt ttcgttgag aatcttttt acggtcgac 
tgtgaagag ctcgacgac ttaattgca gttctggaa 
gaaggatta agaaatcgt gctataggg aagcacaac 
atgaatgat ttttccagc cgaagtcat acgatttta 
actgtttat atcacgtct gaagaacca gctgaagga 
ggtgttttt ctctcgagg tctgggaaa ataaatttc 
gttgatttg gcgggaagt gaaatgacc aaaaagaca 
caaagtgag ggcaaaacg ttagaagag gcgaataat 
attaataaa agtctgatg gtgttaggg tactgcata 
tcgtcgtta agtgattcc aagcgaagg aactcgcat 
attccttat cgagattca aaactgacc aagctcctt 
gcagattca ttggcagga aatggcgta acactgatg 
attgcttgc atttctcct gccagatcc aacatcagc 
gagaccctc aacacgctg cgctatgcc gctcgagcg 
aagaaaatt cgaacaaag cctattgtc ctgatggac 
cctcgagaa gcgctcatt ctgagcctg aaacgagaa 
gtgaatgtc ctgcagagc gaaaacgag catctgcgc 
tcggcgctc aacgtctac tcagggtca acagcagga 
gatttacca acagagagg agaatagtg gtaacccca 
ccccacgtg gatttggaa aaactggcc gaactcgaa 
ggcccccag ctcgccgaa ctcgtccgc ttatacatg 
accgaaaac gaagctctc cgacgcgaa aactccgag 
ctctactct tcccgcgaa atcctacaa agagaccac 
gaactcgtc tgccgggaa aacgagcgt ttactaaag 
aaactcgaa gaagtgaac tctgtatgt tgtaggtct 
cccctgatt ccagcccgg cccgcattt tccgccgaa 
ctcctcaac agcatcgac tccgaatcc acgacaaac 
atttggtcg gacggagac aaatcttca cacagccga 
tcgccccaa caaattccg caatcgatt cagaaggag 
ttggacaag agacaaatt aaaacagag attcagacg 
cctagacgc ggacaccgc aggaacaag tccttggaa 
gaaagctcg agcgattcg aaagtagtt cgagtgaaa 
agctccgag tcagacgga ggccccgtt ctgataaat 
cgttccggc actttcgac tcgaatagt cccgaaaga 
gaacgccaa ctggcaggt aggcggttt tctgtggca 
aaaccggac gaaaatgag ccgtcaatg aatggagca 
cgacgcaaa ttagagaag aattcacat atttttgga 
agcgttatt tccttaacg gatgaagaa gacatttaa
    mRNA sequence
    • >TC031474 RA
      cgtcatttg tattaattg gacgacgcg tagcgacgg 
ccggcgtcc aatgtcaac cgtttgcgt gttttgtag 
cgtcgcggg cgtcagttg taacgcgtt acacgtgct 
atgaacact ttaacaaca aactgttcg ttgtatttc 
caatacaca cacgttaat tacctccag tcgtgtata 
tttacagtt tatgactaa caatgataa cgatgcaaa 
ttgcctacc cgatttaaa gttttattt gcaatgtga 
aaatttaaa gaaaatgag tgaatgact tgcgaaaca 
cgaaaatgg tgacgcgtc ctggaaacc tgtacaaaa 
ctcctccag gatcacgtg gcaccagtc ctgccagga 
gtctgaaca ggagcacta aacccagtc cggtccagt 
caccgaatc ggacttcga gaagtccac tcaggacta 
cctcgaaga agattcaaa gcagtcccg acagacaga 
gaaaaactc cggagaaag ttttgataa ggtcgaggg 
gcaacagtc cggcgaaaa gtcgggaca gtttgcccg 
gttcaagag ggagcgatt ttggtagca tagagcgac 
tggatgacg ataacaatc tacaaagaa taattacaa 
gttacaatc aaacggaag ataatatta atgtagtcg 
tcagggtgc gaccactca ataaccgtg aaaaaaaat 
cgggtgata cttctgtga tacaattcc ctggcaatg 
gtcaagtct tggtggatg gaataccag gcggtccaa 
gtggcggtc agaaaccta aacttttct catataacg 
tagttttcg agcctgcgg ccactcagg aagacgttt 
tgcagtttt caggcatga aaagactca ttgaaatgg 
cgcttgaag ggttcaggt gtacgtgtt tttgttatg 
gacaaactg gaagcggaa aaacacaca cactgacag 
gacctcctg gccttttcg gggtgagac cggcccctt 
ttagtgata aacacggcc ttgtttttc gatcgttcc 
tttatttgt ttcaactga tacaacaaa aaaccgacg 
tacatttcg tcctcaaag ccagctatc tggagattt 
acaacgaaa aggtaattg atttattaa atcctggaa 
gcgcaagga agcccctag cagtccggt ggagcaaaa 
aagcacgcg gttttttcg ttgagaatc tttttacgg 
tcgactgtg aagagctcg acgacttaa ttgcagttc 
tggaagaag gattaagaa atcgtgcta tagggaagc 
acaacatga atgattttt ccagccgaa gtcatacga 
ttttaactg tttatatca cgtctgaag aaccagctg 
aaggaggtg tttttctct cgaggtctg ggaaaataa 
atttcgttg atttggcgg gaagtgaaa tgaccaaaa 
agacacaaa gtgagggca aaacgttag aagaggcga 
ataatatta ataaaagtc tgatggtgt tagggtact 
gcatatcgt cgttaagtg attccaagc gaaggaact 
cgcatattc cttatcgag attcaaaac tgaccaagc 
tccttgcag attcattgg caggaaatg gcgtaacac 
tgatgattg cttgcattt ctcctgcca gatccaaca 
tcagcgaga ccctcaaca cgctgcgct atgccgctc 
gagcgaaga aaattcgaa caaagccta ttgtcctga 
tggaccctc gagaagcgc tcattctga gcctgaaac 
gagaagtga atgtcctgc agagcgaaa acgagcatc 
tgcgctcgg cgctcaacg tctactcag ggtcaacag 
caggagatt taccaacag agaggagaa tagtggtaa 
ccccacccc acgtggatt tggaaaaac tggccgaac 
tcgaaggcc cccagctcg ccgaactcg tccgcttat 
acatgaccg aaaacgaag ctctccgac gcgaaaact 
ccgagctct actcttccc gcgaaatcc tacaaagag 
accacgaac tcgtctgcc gggaaaacg agcgtttac 
taaagaaac tcgaagaag tgaactctg tatgttgta 
ggtctcccc tgattccag cccggcccg cattttccg 
ccgaactcc tcaacagca tcgactccg aatccacga 
caaacattt ggtcggacg gagacaaat cttcacaca 
gccgatcgc cccaacaaa ttccgcaat cgattcaga 
aggagttgg acaagagac aaattaaaa cagagattc 
agacgccta gacgcggac accgcagga acaagtcct 
tggaagaaa gctcgagcg attcgaaag tagttcgag 
tgaaaagct ccgagtcag acggaggcc ccgttctga 
taaatcgtt ccggcactt tcgactcga atagtcccg 
aaagagaac gccaactgg caggtaggc ggttttctg 
tggcaaaac cggacgaaa atgagccgt caatgaatg 
gagcacgac gcaaattag agaagaatt cacatattt 
ttggaagcg ttatttcct taacggatg aagaagaca 
tttaattaa tatagctcg agtgatact gtagcaata 
cataatctt attttagta cgttctccc atattgtac 
caatagtta atttgaaga cacactgta gaattaaac 
acttggaat attcaaatt gttactatt aaaacaagg 
tacaaatat acattattt tactag

    If you use iBeetle-Base, please cite: Dönitz J et al.: Expanded and updated data and a query pipeline for iBeetle-Base,
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D831-D835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx984.

    The data is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY) CC-BY