Status
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Gene information
General information
TC032716
Former TC numbers

If one gene is splitted or genes are merged, the original TC numbers are listed. One listed former TC number indicates the previous gene has be splitted, serveral former TC number represents a merged gene.

TC007736 		Gene

The sequence from the iB fragment is matched against the genes from the official gene set. The matche(s) is/are visualizied in a genome browser.

NC_007419.2: 395469..397396
Sequence information
Transcripts / Proteins (1) Get mRNA sequence
Get CDS sequence
Get protein sequence
Ortholog information (from OrthoDB)

The information about the homolog genes in Drosophila is provided by OrthoDB http://www.orthodb.org/. The homologs are sorted according to their similarity score. For an orthology statement additional analysis are required.
The data basis for the orthologs is OrthoDB v9 containing OGS3 for Tribolium castaneum and 2015_04 (r6.07) for Drosophila melanogaster.

Closest fly homologs
    		TC032716
    Gene ontology

    GO terms for Tribolium

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    There are no GO terms for Tribolium at the moment. You can help the community by providing some GO terms for this gene.


    GO terms for the homologous Drosophila genes

    Assign a GO term to this Tribolium gene by filling in the fields. Repeat to add several GO terms. Search AmiGO for the correct GO ID. Use only the most specific term - use "graph views" to browse related terms ("child terms" are more specific; the more general "parent" terms will be automatically linked). Only information based on Tribolium data should be entered - do not define terms just based on Drosophila knowledge. We will review this information and submit the annotation to the Gene Ontology consortium.


    Gene
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    The Tribolium gene the GO term is assigned to.
    GO ID *
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    The ID of the GO term you assign to the gene. Please enter only the ID of the GO term with proceeding 'GO:'. This information is mandatory.
    Evidence
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    The evidence code describes with which method the function or location, expressed by the GO term, was show for this gene. Please refer to this page for a definition of the evidence code and a decision tree.
    Reference *
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    The reference where the function or location is described for the gene. Please enter a PubMed ID. This information is mandatory.
    Quotation
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    Name
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    Email
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    iBeetle screen iB_07106

    Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

    iB sequence
    Phenotype after pupal injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Pupal injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

    3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

    9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

    11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

    Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

    13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
    The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

    14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
    Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

    15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
    Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

    22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
    Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

    Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

    larval pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    empty eggs
    Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
    strong defects
    L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
    strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
    No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
    cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
    Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
    cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
    At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
    number of eggs on slide
    affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
    For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
    total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
    Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
    inside-out
    The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    Please see the help page for more information
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 20.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

    adult lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (9 dpi)
    Days post injection

    Analysis of embryonic musculature and early development
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: > 50 embryo/egg with muscle fluorescence/pattern, but not hatched (pot. late embryonic lethality) - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    larval musculature pattern irregular - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%

    affected eggs/embryos/larvae - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
    remarks: muscle pattern potentially obscured by segmentation defect,
    Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: > 50
     embryo/egg without visible larval cuticle in cuticle preparation - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%
    cuticle remnants with some identifiable segments - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%

    cuticle remnants with unidentifyable segments - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%

    head capsule size decreased - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%
    thorax segment number decreased - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%
    thorax number decreased - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    abdomen segment number decreased - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%
    abdomen number decreased - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%
    affected eggs/embryos/larvae - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
    Phenotype after larval injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Larval injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

    11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

    16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

    19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

    22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

    41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

    Terms used in the larval injection procedure

    pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    pupal molt not fulfilled
    The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
    Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

    RNAi sequence
    Primers
    Left: Right:
    Protein sequence
    • >TC032716 RA
      MACDLLGPG WNISEKGLE IITESNTVT NKSQVLKNA 
LNSDLKEIG SPVLAKILN KSNVSQVVL QIQKIRNIS 
APKANEKSQ AAPRMLKLV LTDGETYIQ AIETSPTPS 
ISDKTPPGT KILISSAKI SSGYLLLDS NNCSLLGGK 
VPALYEKWE IAKSVHNHN RQNASSDGP PAWVNFGCK 
IQSDIQDKP FKSLDNKNQ EVKENTKFD LQRQDAIAE 
ATSGAVKKV FGGGTKPAQ VQPQFPKNT KKTDFPKKN 
PKTKNTVTV EMDEKPQKP LERVSLFDF LEDKLPPNE 
VSEPPKNQQ NQKNYNTFY HNQNKYKGG SKQDNFFKP 
RNEPQAHKN EMNGLTNNF EKMAINTQF ASRSLKQHL 
NLGPQKKNS HESTDVKWK VGDDCVAKY WEDGKYYNA 
NITAVTDNT CVVKFKGYG NMEEVLKSD CLPVETSKK 
SYSGPMEFR RNTRTYRRQ
    CDS sequence
    • >TC032716 RA
      atggcttgt gatttgcta gggccaggc tggaatatc 
tccgaaaaa ggcttggag ataatcacc gaaagtaat 
acagttact aacaagtct caagtatta aaaaatgcg 
ctcaattct gatttaaaa gaaatcggt agtccagtt 
ttagctaaa atacttaat aagagtaat gtttctcag 
gttgtactt caaatccaa aaaattcgt aatatatca 
gcccctaag gcaaacgag aagtctcaa gcagccccc 
cgtatgtta aagctagtc ttaaccgat ggtgagacg 
tacattcag gcaattgaa acttctcca accccttca 
ataagtgac aaaacccct ccaggcact aaaatattg 
ataagttcg gcgaaaatt tcctctggt tatttatta 
cttgactca aataattgt tccttgctt gggggcaaa 
gtcccggcg ctttacgaa aagtgggaa attgctaaa 
agtgttcac aatcacaac aggcaaaat gcttcaagt 
gatgggcca ccagcttgg gtcaacttt ggttgcaaa 
atccagtca gacattcaa gacaaacca ttcaaatca 
ctggacaat aaaaaccaa gaagtgaaa gaaaacact 
aaatttgac ttgcaaaga caggacgcc atagctgag 
gctacttca ggtgcggtg aaaaaagta ttcggaggt 
ggcactaaa ccagcacaa gtccagcca caatttcct 
aaaaatacg aaaaaaact gatttcccc aaaaaaaat 
ccgaaaact aaaaatact gtaacagtg gaaatggac 
gaaaaaccg caaaaaccg ctagaaaga gtgtccctg 
tttgatttt ctcgaggat aaattgccc ccgaacgaa 
gtcagtgaa cctcccaaa aaccaacaa aatcaaaaa 
aattacaac actttttat cacaatcaa aataaatac 
aaaggcggt tcaaagcaa gataatttc ttcaaacct 
agaaacgag ccacaagct cataaaaat gaaatgaac 
ggtttgact aacaatttc gagaaaatg gcaattaat 
acgcaattt gccagtcga agtctcaaa cagcatttg 
aatttgggg ccgcagaaa aaaaattcg catgaaagt 
actgacgta aagtggaaa gtgggggac gattgtgtt 
gcgaaatat tgggaggat ggcaaatac tataatgct 
aatataact gccgtaact gataacact tgtgttgtg 
aagtttaaa gggtatgga aatatggaa gaggtgttg 
aaaagtgat tgtcttcca gtagaaact agcaaaaaa 
tcttactca ggaccaatg gaatttcgg aggaatacc 
aggacgtac aggaggcaa tag
    mRNA sequence
    • >TC032716 RA
      cctacctga tgatagatg caactgtca gtttgtaaa 
agtggttcg ttttctttt aataataag ttaattagt 
ttgatttcg tctgttttg aattatgca tttaagtat 
agttgtgtg aaaattgcg aaaattcat aatttctga 
tggcttgtg atttgctag ggccaggct ggaatatct 
ccgaaaaag gcttggaga taatcaccg aaagtaata 
cagttacta acaagtctc aagtattaa aaaatgcgc 
tcaattctg atttaaaag aaatcggta gtccagttt 
tagctaaaa tacttaata agagtaatg tttctcagg 
ttgtacttc aaatccaaa aaattcgta atatatcag 
cccctaagg caaacgaga agtctcaag cagcccccc 
gtatgttaa agctagtct taaccgatg gtgagacgt 
acattcagg caattgaaa cttctccaa ccccttcaa 
taagtgaca aaacccctc caggcacta aaatattga 
taagttcgg cgaaaattt cctctggtt atttattac 
ttgactcaa ataattgtt ccttgcttg ggggcaaag 
tcccggcgc tttacgaaa agtgggaaa ttgctaaaa 
gtgttcaca atcacaaca ggcaaaatg cttcaagtg 
atgggccac cagcttggg tcaactttg gttgcaaaa 
tccagtcag acattcaag acaaaccat tcaaatcac 
tggacaata aaaaccaag aagtgaaag aaaacacta 
aatttgact tgcaaagac aggacgcca tagctgagg 
ctacttcag gtgcggtga aaaaagtat tcggaggtg 
gcactaaac cagcacaag tccagccac aatttccta 
aaaatacga aaaaaactg atttcccca aaaaaaatc 
cgaaaacta aaaatactg taacagtgg aaatggacg 
aaaaaccgc aaaaaccgc tagaaagag tgtccctgt 
ttgattttc tcgaggata aattgcccc cgaacgaag 
tcagtgaac ctcccaaaa accaacaaa atcaaaaaa 
attacaaca ctttttatc acaatcaaa ataaataca 
aaggcggtt caaagcaag ataatttct tcaaaccta 
gaaacgagc cacaagctc ataaaaatg aaatgaacg 
gtttgacta acaatttcg agaaaatgg caattaata 
cgcaatttg ccagtcgaa gtctcaaac agcatttga 
atttggggc cgcagaaaa aaaattcgc atgaaagta 
ctgacgtaa agtggaaag tgggggacg attgtgttg 
cgaaatatt gggaggatg gcaaatact ataatgcta 
atataactg ccgtaactg ataacactt gtgttgtga 
agtttaaag ggtatggaa atatggaag aggtgttga 
aaagtgatt gtcttccag tagaaacta gcaaaaaat 
cttactcag gaccaatgg aatttcgga ggaatacca 
ggacgtaca ggaggcaat agtcaatta tcacactgt 
ttttctact aataaataa tacgtaaaa aatagtgat 
tattttccg taaacattc attttcttt tttttttaa 
gttctgtgg ttctgttgc caaaattat tttctgatg 
aaaaaataa atgaaaagc aaagca
    The data is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY) CC-BY