Status
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Gene information
General information
TC031831
Former TC numbers

If one gene is splitted or genes are merged, the original TC numbers are listed. One listed former TC number indicates the previous gene has be splitted, serveral former TC number represents a merged gene.

TC001967 		Gene

The sequence from the iB fragment is matched against the genes from the official gene set. The matche(s) is/are visualizied in a genome browser.

NW_015450289.1: 70572..82753
Sequence information
Transcripts / Proteins (1) Get mRNA sequence
Get CDS sequence
Get protein sequence
Ortholog information (from OrthoDB)

The information about the homolog genes in Drosophila is provided by OrthoDB http://www.orthodb.org/. The homologs are sorted according to their similarity score. For an orthology statement additional analysis are required.
The data basis for the orthologs is OrthoDB v9 containing OGS3 for Tribolium castaneum and 2015_04 (r6.07) for Drosophila melanogaster.

Closest fly homologs
    		TC031831
    Gene ontology

    GO terms for Tribolium

    • {{ goTerm.term }}
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      Status: {{ goTerm.status }}
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      Reference: {{ goTerm.referenceText }}
      Quotation: {{ goTerm.quotation }}
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    There are no GO terms for Tribolium at the moment. You can help the community by providing some GO terms for this gene.


    GO terms for the homologous Drosophila genes

    Assign a GO term to this Tribolium gene by filling in the fields. Repeat to add several GO terms. Search AmiGO for the correct GO ID. Use only the most specific term - use "graph views" to browse related terms ("child terms" are more specific; the more general "parent" terms will be automatically linked). Only information based on Tribolium data should be entered - do not define terms just based on Drosophila knowledge. We will review this information and submit the annotation to the Gene Ontology consortium.


    Gene
    {{ goGene }}
    The Tribolium gene the GO term is assigned to.
    GO ID *
    {{ blurIdResult }}
    The ID of the GO term you assign to the gene. Please enter only the ID of the GO term with proceeding 'GO:'. This information is mandatory.
    Evidence
    {{ blurEvidenceResult }}
    The evidence code describes with which method the function or location, expressed by the GO term, was show for this gene. Please refer to this page for a definition of the evidence code and a decision tree.
    Reference *
    {{ blurReferenceResult }}
    The reference where the function or location is described for the gene. Please enter a PubMed ID. This information is mandatory.
    Quotation
    If you paste here the relevant section of the reference it is for us a great help to review your annotation. The quotation may be also be displayed to the users of iBeetle-Base.
    Name
    You may enter your name. The contact information can help us to clarify any questions. If you agree, we may show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
    Email
    We will use your email address only for possible questions regarding this annotation. We will never show your address or give it away.
    Publish name
    If you have entered your name and agree by marking the checkbox. we might show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
      {{ unavailableText }}

    * : mandatory fields
    For help on how to submit larger datasets or non experimental data please contact us.
    iBeetle screen iB_06735

    Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

    iB sequence
    Phenotype after pupal injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Pupal injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

    3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

    9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

    11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

    Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

    13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
    The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

    14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
    Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

    15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
    Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

    22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
    Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

    Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

    larval pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    empty eggs
    Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
    strong defects
    L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
    strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
    No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
    cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
    Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
    cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
    At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
    number of eggs on slide
    affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
    For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
    total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
    Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
    inside-out
    The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    Please see the help page for more information
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 40.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

    eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 4 (3 dpi)
    Days post injection

    Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: < 50
    Phenotype after larval injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Larval injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

    11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

    16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

    19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

    22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

    41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

    Terms used in the larval injection procedure

    pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    pupal molt not fulfilled
    The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
    Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

    iBeetle screen iB_03280

    Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

    iB sequence
    Phenotype after pupal injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Pupal injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

    3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

    9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

    11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

    Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

    13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
    The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

    14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
    Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

    15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
    Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

    22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
    Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

    Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

    larval pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    empty eggs
    Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
    strong defects
    L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
    strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
    No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
    cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
    Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
    cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
    At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
    number of eggs on slide
    affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
    For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
    total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
    Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
    inside-out
    The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    Please see the help page for more information
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 20.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

    eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (3 dpi)
    Days post injection

    adult lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (9 dpi)
    Days post injection

    Analysis of embryonic musculature and early development
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: < 50 embryo/egg with embryonic tissue, no cuticle, but muscle fluorescence - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%

    embryo/egg not developed/not fertilized - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%

    affected eggs/embryos/larvae - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%
    Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: < 50
     embryo/egg without visible larval cuticle in cuticle preparation - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%
    head appendages position irregular - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%

    head not present - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    thorax not present - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%
    abdomen not present - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%
    affected eggs/embryos/larvae - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%
    Phenotype after larval injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Larval injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

    11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

    16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

    19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

    22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

    41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

    Terms used in the larval injection procedure

    pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    pupal molt not fulfilled
    The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
    Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

    RNAi sequence
    Primers
    Left: Right:
    Protein sequence
    • >TC031831 RA
      MQTFVTVVS ELWGNQCIR LKVTVKSDN CGESEDCSG 
KGICYSNDS MDGYECQCC LGFVGQHCE EQDACYPSR 
CKNNGICVD ISQGHEGST FQCLCPYGY TGKTCEDQT 
NACLSMPCQ NGATCIGNV TQFKCECLT GFSGPLCQH 
SHNDCESSP CVHGICVNQ EEGYKCFCQ PGFTGTHCE 
YEYNECQSS PCTNGGTCT DHVGHYTCT CGRGFTGRR 
CHIKVDLCQ PNPCPEPRY CVDHGNNYS CECPKGYSG 
PDCLIPSRA ACSTNPCTN GGTCWSNMD SFYCACKPG 
YTGKTCEDE FVVETITNV DTINKENEL DLQMPISIH 
LDHLHNVYI AAGTLACAF VIVALIVTV CHCRVNKTY 
KRFISRAYP LWGCRKRVS QPSASTNSE WFSGKDKAA 
TATPSRSLP SLDATDMYY TLDFSESQC SPLIQ
    CDS sequence
    • >TC031831 RA
      atgcaaaca ttcgttaca gttgtctcg gaattgtgg 
gggaatcag tgtattcga ttgaaagtc actgtgaaa 
tctgacaac tgtggggag agcgaagac tgctccggg 
aaaggcatc tgttattcc aacgattcg atggacgga 
tatgagtgc caatgctgt cttggtttt gtcggccaa 
cattgcgaa gagcaggac gcttgttat ccgtctcgg 
tgcaaaaat aatggaatc tgtgtggat atttcccaa 
ggacatgaa ggatcgact tttcaatgc ctgtgtcct 
tatggttat accggaaaa acgtgcgaa gatcaaacg 
aatgcctgc ctatcgatg ccttgccag aacggcgct 
acgtgcatc gggaatgtc acccagttt aaatgcgag 
tgtcttacg ggattttca ggaccgctg tgccaacac 
agccacaac gactgcgaa tcctcacct tgcgtccac 
gggatatgt gtcaatcaa gaggaaggg tataaatgc 
ttttgccag ccaggattt actggaact cactgcgag 
tacgagtat aatgaatgt caatcgtct ccgtgcaca 
aatgggggc acttgtacc gatcacgtg ggacattat 
acgtgtact tgtggccgg ggctttacc gggcggagg 
tgtcacatt aaggtggac ctttgccag cccaatcct 
tgccctgag ccacgctac tgcgtggac cacggcaat 
aactactcc tgcgagtgt cctaaaggc tattcgggc 
cccgattgt ttaattcca tctcgagcg gcttgcagc 
accaatccc tgcacgaac gggggaact tgctggagc 
aacatggac tcattttat tgtgcttgt aaacccggc 
tacactggc aaaacttgc gaagatgag tttgttgtt 
gaaacaata acgaacgtt gatactatc aacaaagag 
aatgaactc gatctgcaa atgccgatc tctattcat 
cttgatcat ctgcataat gtttatatc gctgctgga 
acgctagcc tgcgccttt gttattgtg gcactcatc 
gtgacagtt tgccactgc cgggtgaac aaaacgtat 
aagcgtttt atttcgcgg gcgtatccg ctgtggggt 
tgcaggaag agggtgtcc cagccgtcg gcctcgacc 
aatagcgaa tggtttagc gggaaggac aaggcggcc 
acggcaact cctagtcgc agtttaccg tcgttggat 
gcgactgat atgtactac actttggat ttcagcgag 
agtcaatgc tcgccactg atccagtaa
    mRNA sequence
    • >TC031831 RA
      tgcacgaaa cgagcaaaa ttctggtca aaaacgtca 
gcccgagtt tcattaaaa gaggaggca acagcttga 
gcacttagg tggagttcg aaatttcta aataaaaat 
gtggagtgt gcggtttaa atctgatga agtagtgca 
ataaatgca aacattcgt tacagttgt ctcggaatt 
gtgggggaa tcagtgtat tcgattgaa agtcactgt 
gaaatctga caactgtgg ggagagcga agactgctc 
cgggaaagg catctgtta ttccaacga ttcgatgga 
cggatatga gtgccaatg ctgtcttgg ttttgtcgg 
ccaacattg cgaagagca ggacgcttg ttatccgtc 
tcggtgcaa aaataatgg aatctgtgt ggatatttc 
ccaaggaca tgaaggatc gacttttca atgcctgtg 
tccttatgg ttataccgg aaaaacgtg cgaagatca 
aacgaatgc ctgcctatc gatgccttg ccagaacgg 
cgctacgtg catcgggaa tgtcaccca gtttaaatg 
cgagtgtct tacgggatt ttcaggacc gctgtgcca 
acacagcca caacgactg cgaatcctc accttgcgt 
ccacgggat atgtgtcaa tcaagagga agggtataa 
atgcttttg ccagccagg atttactgg aactcactg 
cgagtacga gtataatga atgtcaatc gtctccgtg 
cacaaatgg gggcacttg taccgatca cgtgggaca 
ttatacgtg tacttgtgg ccggggctt taccgggcg 
gaggtgtca cattaaggt ggacctttg ccagcccaa 
tccttgccc tgagccacg ctactgcgt ggaccacgg 
caataacta ctcctgcga gtgtcctaa aggctattc 
gggccccga ttgtttaat tccatctcg agcggcttg 
cagcaccaa tccctgcac gaacggggg aacttgctg 
gagcaacat ggactcatt ttattgtgc ttgtaaacc 
cggctacac tggcaaaac ttgcgaaga tgagtttgt 
tgttgaaac aataacgaa cgttgatac tatcaacaa 
agagaatga actcgatct gcaaatgcc gatctctat 
tcatcttga tcatctgca taatgttta tatcgctgc 
tggaacgct agcctgcgc ctttgttat tgtggcact 
catcgtgac agtttgcca ctgccgggt gaacaaaac 
gtataagcg ttttatttc gcgggcgta tccgctgtg 
gggttgcag gaagagggt gtcccagcc gtcggcctc 
gaccaatag cgaatggtt tagcgggaa ggacaaggc 
ggccacggc aactcctag tcgcagttt accgtcgtt 
ggatgcgac tgatatgta ctacacttt ggatttcag 
cgagagtca atgctcgcc actgatcca gtaattggc 
ttgtaattg tagattttg taagccgtt ttacaaaag 
tttatttcc aactcgata tcacattca gtgttattt 
gtgttactt gtagctttt ttgtgtgga atcatcgct 
gcatttact cgttaccct gatgcacca acaaaattt 
attgccgtt tctacacgt ttattgcgt atttatatg 
tacatacaa aataatact caaatgaag aacgaattt 
gctgaagga ggtactcat tgttgattg aatcgactt 
agatttgga gttttattt aggcaaaaa gttgtttcg 
ttatagttt taaagtata aacattgct caaagtgct 
ttgcgaaat tttgatagt agtcattga gcaattata 
tatacaaaa agacagtaa ttgttagat tttttgaca 
tgtgctcaa cctagtctt aataagtac ttgcatttt 
gtagcagat attacgaaa tgtttcata gtctcgatt 
gctttaatt tggtgataa tttgctgat gctgaaccg 
aagtgttgt aaagtatga acctaaccg aacctaacc 
taaccatgt gccaaatat agaatgtat gtagtttaa 
gtatcactt gtatctcga ctttatcat ataaatggg 
gctttaaaa attgttact gtaaataaa acttattat 
gtagatgtt tctactttc cacagtgca atgccattc 
catccatat aatcgatca cttgttcat caccaatct 
gtttttaaa gcatatgat attggaaat ttcctgttt 
ctaataaag tatgtctaa aaag

    If you use iBeetle-Base, please cite: Dönitz J et al.: Expanded and updated data and a query pipeline for iBeetle-Base,
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D831-D835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx984.

    The data is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY) CC-BY