Status
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Gene information
General information
TC031673
Former TC numbers

If one gene is splitted or genes are merged, the original TC numbers are listed. One listed former TC number indicates the previous gene has be splitted, serveral former TC number represents a merged gene.

TC002289 		Gene

The sequence from the iB fragment is matched against the genes from the official gene set. The matche(s) is/are visualizied in a genome browser.

NW_015451937.1: 60449..65231
Sequence information
Transcripts / Proteins (1) Get mRNA sequence
Get CDS sequence
Get protein sequence
Ortholog information (from OrthoDB)

The information about the homolog genes in Drosophila is provided by OrthoDB http://www.orthodb.org/. The homologs are sorted according to their similarity score. For an orthology statement additional analysis are required.
The data basis for the orthologs is OrthoDB v9 containing OGS3 for Tribolium castaneum and 2015_04 (r6.07) for Drosophila melanogaster.

Closest fly homologs
    		TC031673
    Gene ontology

    GO terms for Tribolium

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    There are no GO terms for Tribolium at the moment. You can help the community by providing some GO terms for this gene.


    GO terms for the homologous Drosophila genes

    Assign a GO term to this Tribolium gene by filling in the fields. Repeat to add several GO terms. Search AmiGO for the correct GO ID. Use only the most specific term - use "graph views" to browse related terms ("child terms" are more specific; the more general "parent" terms will be automatically linked). Only information based on Tribolium data should be entered - do not define terms just based on Drosophila knowledge. We will review this information and submit the annotation to the Gene Ontology consortium.


    Gene
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    The Tribolium gene the GO term is assigned to.
    GO ID *
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    The ID of the GO term you assign to the gene. Please enter only the ID of the GO term with proceeding 'GO:'. This information is mandatory.
    Evidence
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    The evidence code describes with which method the function or location, expressed by the GO term, was show for this gene. Please refer to this page for a definition of the evidence code and a decision tree.
    Reference *
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    The reference where the function or location is described for the gene. Please enter a PubMed ID. This information is mandatory.
    Quotation
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    Name
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    Email
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    * : mandatory fields
    For help on how to submit larger datasets or non experimental data please contact us.
    iBeetle screen iB_06664

    Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

    iB sequence
    Phenotype after pupal injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Pupal injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

    3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

    9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

    11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

    Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

    13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
    The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

    14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
    Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

    15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
    Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

    22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
    Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

    Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

    larval pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    empty eggs
    Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
    strong defects
    L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
    strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
    No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
    cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
    Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
    cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
    At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
    number of eggs on slide
    affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
    For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
    total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
    Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
    inside-out
    The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    Please see the help page for more information
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 60.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

    eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 4 (3 dpi)
    Days post injection

    adult lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (9 dpi)
    Days post injection

    Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: < 20
    Phenotype after larval injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Larval injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

    11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

    16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

    19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

    22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

    41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

    Terms used in the larval injection procedure

    pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    pupal molt not fulfilled
    The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
    Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

    RNAi sequence
    Primers
    Left: Right:
    Protein sequence
    • >TC031673 RA
      MPLLKFIQA TKNPSRRLK RRRKDREVT 
LSKTREWGQ ALDSEHLSE TTEGEMEVS 
FVSDRIKGF VKYDLKYFI PFFTRRFTQ 
QELKDCKSQ MTDLTNQWY QAIRISPDQ 
SDEENVTIT PRSSISSII H
    CDS sequence
    • >TC031673 RA
      atgcctttg ttaaagttc atacaagca acgaaaaat 
ccgtccagg cgtcttaaa agacgccga aaagataga 
gaagttact ttaagtaaa actagagaa tggggccaa 
gctctagac tcagagcac ttgtctgaa actactgaa 
ggagaaatg gaagtgtcg ttcgtctca gatcgaata 
aagggtttt gttaaatat gacttgaag tatttcatc 
ccatttttt actaggaga tttacacaa caggaactg 
aaagattgc aaaagccaa atgacggat ttaacaaat 
cagtggtac caggcaata aggatatct cctgaccag 
tctgatgaa gaaaatgta acgattact cctcggtca 
agtatttca agcattatt cattga
    mRNA sequence
    • >TC031673 RA
      cgaacaaaa atgtttgaa ggacgttct ctaaccttg 
tcgaaatgt cagtgaaaa ttacaatta cgaatgagt 
cactagaaa aaattaaag tgaatctgt gacaaacga 
ttacaaaaa gtgttggca cttaagtta tttacatct 
gatatcatg tgaggagac agcttagca acccaaatt 
cctggtcgt aaagacatg caagttctt aaaattgtg 
tatgtttta ttgctgagc caatgtgtc tctttgcaa 
gactcacca aatgtgacc ctcatcgat aattcaaca 
gtggtaaaa tccaacaac acacatgga attctcaca 
tcaactacc cattcaccg cttgcaact tcatcatca 
agcaaacca acaactgct ggacataac actgcgcaa 
agtaacccc ccttccacc cctgttaaa aatgtcacg 
acttcaagt cactctctc aaaaacaca acttctaat 
gcaacatta tctgatccg atacttcct gacaaagga 
gcagctgaa gatgaacat aacagttca atggctata 
ttttttctt ctgtgtgtt ttagcactg ggcatttta 
cttattcat tttatgctt cagacaggt tttcagtat 
gttcctgag agcatagtt atagttttc cttggggca 
ttaattggt ctagcaatg aatacttta tctaaccga 
aatattagt aattggcgg aaagaggaa gccttttca 
cctacggca tttttctta gttttactg ccaccaatt 
atttttgaa tcaggttac aatttacat aaggggaat 
ttctttcaa aatataggt tcgattttg gtctttgca 
atattcgga acgacaatt tcggctttt ataattggt 
tttgggata tatttcttg ggtttagcg gaagtcgtt 
tataagctg agttttgtc gagtcattc gcttttggt 
tccttaatt tcagctgtt gatcctgtg gcaactgtc 
gctatattc cacgcactt aatgttgat cctgtactt 
aatatgtta gtgtttggg gaaagtatt ttaaacgat 
gcgattgct attgtttta acaacagca gcattagag 
tcaaataat ccggtaatg tcaacaggg gaagcaatt 
gtgatgggt atacagcgg ttctgtcta atgttcttc 
gcttccgct ggtattggg gtaattttt gctcttgtg 
agtgcccta tttctaaaa catgtcgat cttagaaag 
aacccttcg ttggaattt gctatgatg ttagtgttt 
acttatgca ccttatgta ttagcagaa ggaattcat 
ctcagtggt attatggcc atactgttc tgtggcatt 
gtaatgtca cattacacc cactttaat ctatccaca 
gtaacgcaa attacgatg caacagacc ctcagaacc 
ttagctttc atcgccgaa acttgtgtg tttgcatat 
ttagggttg gctctgttt agttttaaa catcgagtg 
gagcccgct ctgattact tggggcata attttgtgt 
ctcattggc cgcgcttgt aatattttt ccactggcg 
attctagtt aatcgattt cgtgaacat caaattacc 
aaaaaaatg atgtttata atgtggttt agtggtctt 
cgtggtgcc atttcttac gcattatcg cttcattta 
aactttagc gatgaaacg cggcatgtt attattacc 
acaacattg attattgtt ttgtttaca acgctattt 
ttggggggc tctactatg cctttgtta aagttcata 
caagcaacg aaaaatccg tccaggcgt cttaaaaga 
cgccgaaaa gatagagaa gttacttta agtaaaact 
agagaatgg ggccaagct ctagactca gagcacttg 
tctgaaact actgaagga gaaatggaa gtgtcgttc 
gtctcagat cgaataaag ggttttgtt aaatatgac 
ttgaagtat ttcatccca ttttttact aggagattt 
acacaacag gaactgaaa gattgcaaa agccaaatg 
acggattta acaaatcag tggtaccag gcaataagg 
atatctcct gaccagtct gatgaagaa aatgtaacg 
attactcct cggtcaagt atttcaagc attattcat 
tgagtacta taaaaagat atgaaaact gtgctgtat 
tataactta taactaaat aaaatatgt gaagtata

    If you use iBeetle-Base, please cite: Dönitz J et al.: Expanded and updated data and a query pipeline for iBeetle-Base,
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D831-D835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx984.

    The data is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY) CC-BY