Status
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Gene information
General information
TC031257
Former TC numbers

If one gene is splitted or genes are merged, the original TC numbers are listed. One listed former TC number indicates the previous gene has be splitted, serveral former TC number represents a merged gene.

TC014822,TC014823 		Gene

The sequence from the iB fragment is matched against the genes from the official gene set. The matche(s) is/are visualizied in a genome browser.

NW_015452040.1: 6845..15937
Sequence information
Transcripts / Proteins (1) Get mRNA sequence
Get CDS sequence
Get protein sequence
Ortholog information (from OrthoDB)

The information about the homolog genes in Drosophila is provided by OrthoDB http://www.orthodb.org/. The homologs are sorted according to their similarity score. For an orthology statement additional analysis are required.
The data basis for the orthologs is OrthoDB v9 containing OGS3 for Tribolium castaneum and 2015_04 (r6.07) for Drosophila melanogaster.

Closest fly homologs
    		TC031257
    Gene ontology

    GO terms for Tribolium

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    There are no GO terms for Tribolium at the moment. You can help the community by providing some GO terms for this gene.


    GO terms for the homologous Drosophila genes

    Assign a GO term to this Tribolium gene by filling in the fields. Repeat to add several GO terms. Search AmiGO for the correct GO ID. Use only the most specific term - use "graph views" to browse related terms ("child terms" are more specific; the more general "parent" terms will be automatically linked). Only information based on Tribolium data should be entered - do not define terms just based on Drosophila knowledge. We will review this information and submit the annotation to the Gene Ontology consortium.


    Gene
    {{ goGene }}
    The Tribolium gene the GO term is assigned to.
    GO ID *
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    The ID of the GO term you assign to the gene. Please enter only the ID of the GO term with proceeding 'GO:'. This information is mandatory.
    Evidence
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    The evidence code describes with which method the function or location, expressed by the GO term, was show for this gene. Please refer to this page for a definition of the evidence code and a decision tree.
    Reference *
    {{ blurReferenceResult }}
    The reference where the function or location is described for the gene. Please enter a PubMed ID. This information is mandatory.
    Quotation
    If you paste here the relevant section of the reference it is for us a great help to review your annotation. The quotation may be also be displayed to the users of iBeetle-Base.
    Name
    You may enter your name. The contact information can help us to clarify any questions. If you agree, we may show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
    Email
    We will use your email address only for possible questions regarding this annotation. We will never show your address or give it away.
    Publish name
    If you have entered your name and agree by marking the checkbox. we might show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
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    * : mandatory fields
    For help on how to submit larger datasets or non experimental data please contact us.
    iBeetle screen iB_06633

    Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

    iB sequence
    Phenotype after pupal injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Pupal injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

    3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

    9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

    11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

    Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

    13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
    The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

    14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
    Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

    15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
    Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

    22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
    Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

    Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

    larval pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    empty eggs
    Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
    strong defects
    L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
    strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
    No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
    cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
    Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
    cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
    At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
    number of eggs on slide
    affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
    For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
    total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
    Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
    inside-out
    The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    Please see the help page for more information
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 20.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

    eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (3 dpi)
    Days post injection

    Analysis of embryonic musculature and early development
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: > 50 embryo/egg with embryonic tissue potentially present, no cuticle, no fluorescence - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%

    larval musculature pattern irregular - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%

    affected eggs/embryos/larvae - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%
    remarks: muscle pattern potentially obscured by segmentation defect,
    Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: > 50
     embryo/egg without visible larval cuticle in cuticle preparation - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%
    head mostly not present - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%

    head number decreased - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%

    head number decreased - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    head not present - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%

    thorax number decreased - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%
    thorax number decreased - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%
    thorax not present - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%
    abdomen number decreased - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%
    affected eggs/embryos/larvae - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
    Phenotype after larval injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Larval injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

    11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

    16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

    19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

    22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

    41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

    Terms used in the larval injection procedure

    pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    pupal molt not fulfilled
    The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
    Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

    RNAi sequence
    Primers
    Left: Right:
    Protein sequence
    • >TC031257 RA
      MNSPIRKPS ASLCTEDMM TCLYNNLLA YVWHRMAKH 
IFKCHREED AKRKRESEN KQNVEDQTE SWDNENYLN 
KNKQNAEDQ EESWDNENY LTENKQNVN DQDESWDND 
DYLTENKQN SENEEECWD NESYLICMQ FIRLPHMDE 
DYVIGEEDC LYLTVYTAH LNASFDVVV YIHGGDFAT 
GYASVYEPD YFIDKNIVF VNLNYRLGP LGWFLSTED 
DVVPGNNGL KDQILALKF IKKYIRHFG GNPDSITLF 
GDGTSVNFH YLSPQSRGL FHRGWSMSG TMLVPWALM 
EQPLAQTKK LATVVGCGT DGTMIKCLK SRPARQITV 
TIPEYQAWW YLPFAQFAP VVDSWATQP VLSAHPYQM 
IKNQQVYDV LWIVSFTNS EGLYAINEI YDNALLALL 
DDYWNEYIP PILYYNYTV DRDLQDEVS QKIRKYYLG 
EKKLSKRTF RELVAMFSD RIFINDIPT YALKFEYRS 
GNSWFGLET ETGRNFGAA HADDLLYIF KRDPFDTSG 
SQRDRAMVK IFVDLLASY SHTRIPKVK TMEWLQVPK 
NATDDLTFL KIGAPNDVT VETSVQGSA PFWDSLPIK 
ENEKIP
    CDS sequence
    • >TC031257 RA
      atgaatagt ccaataaga aaaccatca gccagcttg 
tgcactgag gatatgatg acatgtctc tataataac 
ctactagcc tatgtatgg cacaggatg gccaaacac 
atttttaag tgtcacaga gaagaggac gcaaaaaga 
aaaagagag tccgaaaat aaacaaaac gttgaagat 
cagacagaa agttgggat aacgaaaat tatcttaat 
aaaaataaa caaaacgcc gaagatcag gaagaaagt 
tgggataac gaaaattat ctaactgaa aataaacaa 
aacgttaac gatcaggat gaaagttgg gataatgac 
gattatctg actgaaaat aaacaaaat tccgaaaat 
gaagaggaa tgttgggat aacgaaagt tatcttata 
tgtatgcag tttatcaga ctcccacat atggacgaa 
gactatgtg attggtgag gaggattgt ctttatttg 
accgtttac acggcccac ttgaatgct agttttgat 
gtggttgtg tacattcat ggtggggat ttcgcgact 
ggttatgcc agtgtttac gaacctgac tattttata 
gacaaaaat atagttttc gtaaacttg aattataga 
ttagggccg ttaggttgg tttttgagt actgaggat 
gacgtagta cctggcaat aatgggctc aaagaccaa 
atcctggcc ttaaaattc atcaaaaaa tatatccgc 
cattttggt ggtaatcct gactcgatc acacttttc 
ggagatggt actagtgtt aacttccat tacttatcg 
ccacaatcc cgtgggttg ttccaccgt ggttggtcc 
atgagtggt accatgcta gtaccatgg gccctaatg 
gagcaacca ttggcccaa acgaaaaaa ctcgccact 
gtcgtgggt tgtggtacc gatgggaca atgatcaag 
tgtttgaaa agtagacca gccaggcaa attacggtc 
acaatacca gagtaccaa gcttggtgg tacctgcca 
tttgcccaa tttgcgccc gtggttgac tcctgggcc 
actcaaccg gtactatca gcccatcct taccaaatg 
atcaaaaat caacaagtc tatgacgtt ctttggatc 
gtttctttt acaaactct gaaggcttg tacgcaatt 
aacgagatc tacgataat gcacttttg gcacttctt 
gatgactac tggaatgag tatattcca ccaattttg 
tactacaat tacaccgtg gatcgagat ttgcaagat 
gaggtgagt cagaagatt aggaagtac taccttgga 
gagaagaaa ttgtcgaag aggacgttt cgggagttg 
gtggcgatg ttctcagac cggattttt atcaacgat 
atccccacc tatgccttg aaatttgaa tacaggagt 
gggaatagt tggttcggg cttgaaaca gagactggg 
aggaatttt ggagcagct catgctgat gacctcctc 
tatattttc aagagggat ccatttgat acaagcgga 
agccaacga gatagagct atggttaaa atttttgtc 
gatttgttg gcatcgtat agtcacacg cgcattcca 
aaagtaaaa acaatggag tggctacaa gtaccaaaa 
aatgccaca gatgacttg actttccta aaaattgga 
gccccgaac gatgtgact gtggaaacg tcagtccaa 
ggcagtgcc ccattttgg gattcgcta ccaatcaag 
gaaaatgaa aagattcca taa
    mRNA sequence
    • >TC031257 RA
      cctttaaaa agatgaata gtccaataa gaaaaccat 
cagccagct tgtgcactg aggatatga tgacatgtc 
tctataata acctactag cctatgtat ggcacagga 
tggccaaac acattttta agtgtcaca gagaagagg 
acgcaaaaa gaaaaagag agtccgaaa ataaacaaa 
acgttgaag atcagacag aaagttggg ataacgaaa 
attatctta ataaaaata aacaaaacg ccgaagatc 
aggaagaaa gttgggata acgaaaatt atctaactg 
aaaataaac aaaacgtta acgatcagg atgaaagtt 
gggataatg acgattatc tgactgaaa ataaacaaa 
attccgaaa atgaagagg aatgttggg ataacgaaa 
gttatctta tatgtatgc agtttatca gactcccac 
atatggacg aagactatg tgattggtg aggaggatt 
gtctttatt tgaccgttt acacggccc acttgaatg 
ctagttttg atgtggttg tgtacattc atggtgggg 
atttcgcga ctggttatg ccagtgttt acgaacctg 
actatttta tagacaaaa atatagttt tcgtaaact 
tgaattata gattagggc cgttaggtt ggtttttga 
gtactgagg atgacgtag tacctggca ataatgggc 
tcaaagacc aaatcctgg ccttaaaat tcatcaaaa 
aatatatcc gccattttg gtggtaatc ctgactcga 
tcacacttt tcggagatg gtactagtg ttaacttcc 
attacttat cgccacaat cccgtgggt tgttccacc 
gtggttggt ccatgagtg gtaccatgc tagtaccat 
gggccctaa tggagcaac cattggccc aaacgaaaa 
aactcgcca ctgtcgtgg gttgtggta ccgatggga 
caatgatca agtgtttga aaagtagac cagccaggc 
aaattacgg tcacaatac cagagtacc aagcttggt 
ggtacctgc catttgccc aatttgcgc ccgtggttg 
actcctggg ccactcaac cggtactat cagcccatc 
cttaccaaa tgatcaaaa atcaacaag tctatgacg 
ttctttgga tcgtttctt ttacaaact ctgaaggct 
tgtacgcaa ttaacgaga tctacgata atgcacttt 
tggcacttc ttgatgact actggaatg agtatattc 
caccaattt tgtactaca attacaccg tggatcgag 
atttgcaag atgaggtga gtcagaaga ttaggaagt 
actaccttg gagagaaga aattgtcga agaggacgt 
ttcgggagt tggtggcga tgttctcag accggattt 
ttatcaacg atatcccca cctatgcct tgaaatttg 
aatacagga gtgggaata gttggttcg ggcttgaaa 
cagagactg ggaggaatt ttggagcag ctcatgctg 
atgacctcc tctatattt tcaagaggg atccatttg 
atacaagcg gaagccaac gagatagag ctatggtta 
aaatttttg tcgatttgt tggcatcgt atagtcaca 
cgcgcattc caaaagtaa aaacaatgg agtggctac 
aagtaccaa aaaatgcca cagatgact tgactttcc 
taaaaattg gagccccga acgatgtga ctgtggaaa 
cgtcagtcc aaggcagtg ccccatttt gggattcgc 
taccaatca aggaaaatg aaaagattc cataatttt 
gaaataaat tgtacatca gttt

    If you use iBeetle-Base, please cite: Dönitz J et al.: Expanded and updated data and a query pipeline for iBeetle-Base,
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D831-D835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx984.

    The data is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY) CC-BY