Status
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Gene information
General information
TC034275
Former TC numbers

If one gene is splitted or genes are merged, the original TC numbers are listed. One listed former TC number indicates the previous gene has be splitted, serveral former TC number represents a merged gene.

TC010988,TC010987 		Gene

The sequence from the iB fragment is matched against the genes from the official gene set. The matche(s) is/are visualizied in a genome browser.

NC_007424.3: 2972906..2990533
Sequence information
Transcripts / Proteins (1) Get mRNA sequence
Get CDS sequence
Get protein sequence
Ortholog information (from OrthoDB)

The information about the homolog genes in Drosophila is provided by OrthoDB http://www.orthodb.org/. The homologs are sorted according to their similarity score. For an orthology statement additional analysis are required.
The data basis for the orthologs is OrthoDB v9 containing OGS3 for Tribolium castaneum and 2015_04 (r6.07) for Drosophila melanogaster.

Closest fly homologs
    		TC034275
    Gene ontology

    GO terms for Tribolium

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    There are no GO terms for Tribolium at the moment. You can help the community by providing some GO terms for this gene.


    GO terms for the homologous Drosophila genes

    Assign a GO term to this Tribolium gene by filling in the fields. Repeat to add several GO terms. Search AmiGO for the correct GO ID. Use only the most specific term - use "graph views" to browse related terms ("child terms" are more specific; the more general "parent" terms will be automatically linked). Only information based on Tribolium data should be entered - do not define terms just based on Drosophila knowledge. We will review this information and submit the annotation to the Gene Ontology consortium.


    Gene
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    The Tribolium gene the GO term is assigned to.
    GO ID *
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    The ID of the GO term you assign to the gene. Please enter only the ID of the GO term with proceeding 'GO:'. This information is mandatory.
    Evidence
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    The evidence code describes with which method the function or location, expressed by the GO term, was show for this gene. Please refer to this page for a definition of the evidence code and a decision tree.
    Reference *
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    The reference where the function or location is described for the gene. Please enter a PubMed ID. This information is mandatory.
    Quotation
    If you paste here the relevant section of the reference it is for us a great help to review your annotation. The quotation may be also be displayed to the users of iBeetle-Base.
    Name
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    Email
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    * : mandatory fields
    For help on how to submit larger datasets or non experimental data please contact us.
    iBeetle screen iB_06428

    Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

    iB sequence
    Phenotype after pupal injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Pupal injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

    3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

    9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

    11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

    Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

    13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
    The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

    14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
    Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

    15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
    Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

    22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
    Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

    Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

    larval pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    empty eggs
    Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
    strong defects
    L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
    strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
    No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
    cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
    Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
    cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
    At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
    number of eggs on slide
    affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
    For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
    total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
    Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
    inside-out
    The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    Please see the help page for more information
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 40.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

    eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 3 (3 dpi)
    Days post injection

    adult lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (9 dpi)
    Days post injection

    Analysis of embryonic musculature and early development
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: < 50 embryo/egg with embryonic tissue, no cuticle, but muscle fluorescence - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    embryo/egg with embryonic tissue, no cuticle, but muscle fluorescence - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    larval musculature pattern irregular - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    affected eggs/embryos/larvae - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%
    remarks: muscle pattern potentially obscured by segmentation defect,
    Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: > 50
     urogomphi mostly not present - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    abdomen segment number decreased - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    abdomen constricted - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    affected eggs/embryos/larvae - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%
    Phenotype after larval injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Larval injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

    11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

    16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

    19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

    22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

    41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

    Terms used in the larval injection procedure

    pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    pupal molt not fulfilled
    The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: 30.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
    Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: 100.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

    larva lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 3 (11 dpi)
    Days post injection

    pupal molt delayed (still larva) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 7 (11 dpi)
    Days post injection

    larva lethality late (L7) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 7 (16 dpi)
    Days post injection

    RNAi sequence
    Primers
    Left: Right:
    Protein sequence
    • >TC034275 RA
      MVGLVRMAF DRYHTILDR ISDPRTSDW PLMQSPVPT 
IMMVVTYLY VILILGPRF MANRKPFKL REVLIAYNG 
AQVLYSLFM LYEHLMSGW FWDYSFKCQ PVDYSNNKK 
ALRMANLCW WYYISKLTE FADTVFFVL RKKDSQVTL 
LHLYHHSLT PLETWILVK FLAGGHGTF SNLINNMVH 
VIMYFYYMV AAMGPEYQK YLWWKKHLT TIQLVQFGL 
VFIHSAQLL FTDCGYPRF IGALLLLHS AIFFALFTH 
FYYQTYSRK QKSVKAE
    CDS sequence
    • >TC034275 RA
      atggtagga ttagtgcga atggccttc gatagatac 
cacacgatc ctagatagg ataagtgat cctcggacg 
tcagactgg ccgctgatg cagagtccg gttcccact 
ataatgatg gtggtgaca tatttgtac gtgatcctg 
atcctaggc ccccgcttt atggccaat cggaagccc 
ttcaaactc cgagaagta ctcatagcc tacaacgga 
gcgcaagtc ctctacagc cttttcatg ttatacgag 
catttaatg agcgggtgg ttctgggat tacagcttc 
aaatgtcaa cctgtcgac tattccaac aacaaaaaa 
gccttaagg atggcaaac ttatgctgg tggtactac 
atctcgaag ctaacagaa ttcgctgat acagtcttc 
ttcgtgttg cgcaaaaaa gacagtcaa gttactcta 
ctccacctg tatcatcac agcctcacg cccttggaa 
acgtggatt cttgtgaaa ttccttgca ggtggtcat 
ggcacgttt tccaaccta atcaacaac atggtccat 
gttatcatg tacttttat tacatggta gctgcgatg 
ggaccggaa taccaaaag tatttgtgg tggaagaaa 
catcttacc accattcaa ctggtgcaa tttgggcta 
gtgttcatt cattccgct cagttgctc ttcaccgac 
tgtggctac cctaggttc atcggagct cttctcctg 
cttcactca gcgatcttc ttcgctctg ttcacacat 
ttctattac caaacatac agtcggaag caaaagtcg 
gtcaaagcg gaatag
    mRNA sequence
    • >TC034275 RA
      acaagagtg aattttttt cttggcttt ggggtttcg 
ggtggggga acctttcct attttattt acttttaag 
caatttgca aaaggttgg tatatggcg ctcgtagtt 
tgttgtgga tacttcgtc gacaccact tacgatttt 
aagtgagac tcagtgcga taaatgttc ggtgaagat 
cagtgcttc aggtgacag gtgcctaat acacggaat 
ttcgtccga actgttatc aataggagc ccactcaga 
ccaaaaata aaggcaaaa tgaataaca ctgaaatgg 
taggattag tgcgaatgg ccttcgata gataccaca 
cgatcctag ataggataa gtgatcctc ggacgtcag 
actggccgc tgatgcaga gtccggttc ccactataa 
tgatggtgg tgacatatt tgtacgtga tcctgatcc 
taggccccc gctttatgg ccaatcgga agcccttca 
aactccgag aagtactca tagcctaca acggagcgc 
aagtcctct acagccttt tcatgttat acgagcatt 
taatgagcg ggtggttct gggattaca gcttcaaat 
gtcaacctg tcgactatt ccaacaaca aaaaagcct 
taaggatgg caaacttat gctggtggt actacatct 
cgaagctaa cagaattcg ctgatacag tcttcttcg 
tgttgcgca aaaaagaca gtcaagtta ctctactcc 
acctgtatc atcacagcc tcacgccct tggaaacgt 
ggattcttg tgaaattcc ttgcaggtg gtcatggca 
cgttttcca acctaatca acaacatgg tccatgtta 
tcatgtact tttattaca tggtagctg cgatgggac 
cggaatacc aaaagtatt tgtggtgga agaaacatc 
ttaccacca ttcaactgg tgcaatttg ggctagtgt 
tcattcatt ccgctcagt tgctcttca ccgactgtg 
gctacccta ggttcatcg gagctcttc tcctgcttc 
actcagcga tcttcttcg ctctgttca cacatttct 
attaccaaa catacagtc ggaagcaaa agtcggtca 
aagcggaat agtaaagat gtatagtgt ttagtaaaa 
aattgtatt tattgtatt gtatagtag tggaccaat 
tgcagttag acttacttt aagtcggtc gcgagtcgt 
ggacgagtt agagtagga ctaaaatga aaatggacg 
acaagtgtc ataatgtag acaaaagta tttcgtact 
tgctatctt ctttttacc tcatctgtg caattcgta 
ttttatgat attatagta gcatagtga cagtaaaat 
attcttaac ctagtcata gatagatct gttttaaaa 
acagacgtg tatttatcg aaatcttag ggtgaacat 
aaccggtgg cgaagaacc aaccccacg tcaaaaaca 
gtttgtttt tcaattcaa tcaacggag aattttgta 
agcgatgtg tggtggaac agccgttct gtgtccatc 
tgtggcgtg tgctaggaa aattatacg cttctaata 
aagatgtat gtattcagt gaatacaga agacgtatc 
accttaagc aacattttt cagtaattt tattgtatt 
agttattgg tgtaatatt tgttacaaa tatgttacg 
taatttgta tttgctcaa tgttttata tttttaatt 
taaataaat ttgtgaaac gtgt

    If you use iBeetle-Base, please cite: Dönitz J et al.: Expanded and updated data and a query pipeline for iBeetle-Base,
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D831-D835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx984.

    The data is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY) CC-BY