Status
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Gene information
General information
TC031421
Former TC numbers

If one gene is splitted or genes are merged, the original TC numbers are listed. One listed former TC number indicates the previous gene has be splitted, serveral former TC number represents a merged gene.

TC016202,TC016201 		Gene

The sequence from the iB fragment is matched against the genes from the official gene set. The matche(s) is/are visualizied in a genome browser.

NC_007425.3: 4489703..4493869
Sequence information
Transcripts / Proteins (1) Get mRNA sequence
Get CDS sequence
Get protein sequence
Ortholog information (from OrthoDB)

The information about the homolog genes in Drosophila is provided by OrthoDB http://www.orthodb.org/. The homologs are sorted according to their similarity score. For an orthology statement additional analysis are required.
The data basis for the orthologs is OrthoDB v9 containing OGS3 for Tribolium castaneum and 2015_04 (r6.07) for Drosophila melanogaster.

Closest fly homologs
    		TC031421
    Gene ontology

    GO terms for Tribolium

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    There are no GO terms for Tribolium at the moment. You can help the community by providing some GO terms for this gene.


    GO terms for the homologous Drosophila genes

    Assign a GO term to this Tribolium gene by filling in the fields. Repeat to add several GO terms. Search AmiGO for the correct GO ID. Use only the most specific term - use "graph views" to browse related terms ("child terms" are more specific; the more general "parent" terms will be automatically linked). Only information based on Tribolium data should be entered - do not define terms just based on Drosophila knowledge. We will review this information and submit the annotation to the Gene Ontology consortium.


    Gene
    {{ goGene }}
    The Tribolium gene the GO term is assigned to.
    GO ID *
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    The ID of the GO term you assign to the gene. Please enter only the ID of the GO term with proceeding 'GO:'. This information is mandatory.
    Evidence
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    The evidence code describes with which method the function or location, expressed by the GO term, was show for this gene. Please refer to this page for a definition of the evidence code and a decision tree.
    Reference *
    {{ blurReferenceResult }}
    The reference where the function or location is described for the gene. Please enter a PubMed ID. This information is mandatory.
    Quotation
    If you paste here the relevant section of the reference it is for us a great help to review your annotation. The quotation may be also be displayed to the users of iBeetle-Base.
    Name
    You may enter your name. The contact information can help us to clarify any questions. If you agree, we may show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
    Email
    We will use your email address only for possible questions regarding this annotation. We will never show your address or give it away.
    Publish name
    If you have entered your name and agree by marking the checkbox. we might show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
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    * : mandatory fields
    For help on how to submit larger datasets or non experimental data please contact us.
    iBeetle screen iB_05972

    Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

    iB sequence
    Phenotype after pupal injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Pupal injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

    3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

    9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

    11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

    Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

    13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
    The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

    14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
    Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

    15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
    Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

    22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
    Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

    Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

    larval pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    empty eggs
    Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
    strong defects
    L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
    strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
    No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
    cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
    Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
    cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
    At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
    number of eggs on slide
    affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
    For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
    total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
    Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
    inside-out
    The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    Please see the help page for more information
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 30.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

    eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (3 dpi)
    Days post injection

    adult lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (9 dpi)
    Days post injection

    Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: < 20
    Phenotype after larval injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Larval injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

    11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

    16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

    19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

    22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

    41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

    Terms used in the larval injection procedure

    pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    pupal molt not fulfilled
    The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
    Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

    RNAi sequence
    Primers
    Left: Right:
    Protein sequence
    • >TC031421 RA
      MEDETTGLI KCTVISCPH YFHKDLPRA QDDHVFFPF 
PEDEDVCGT WKEKCGIAA DHEVEDSKI CSDHFKPTD 
YTDDTRLVL KPDAVPREN LGWMVGMPE VKLTKAPKF 
ELIKEAVDT NERLVQRFQ ELIKELNPL TKKVNLYKK 
KIENSYKEI YRLKKLIAK YPVKKNGKI ETNLIFKVF 
SQAQINMLL GKRKVVWSY DDMAMAFTL RHIGNRECY 
LYLKDTLNV PLPSLSAVQ RWTFPMSCI VWGCSNNSI 
VTADPSVHY YVFPKHPVI AQQWVQACG WPPDQIDPN 
NAQICSLHF DENSYTTEV KMIDYITCY TKVLKFDAV 
PTLYLPTQT EVVIKDPQK ELGEMIVFT VPATAEQEN 
VTTGGGSKE YTELIVQKA SVEVDMEKY KHIATKEQL 
ATLENCNKT IREKVARLE NSLKHLRSV YNTQVETYK 
KKDLELSNL HHEYLKTKR SYLTLHEQK VLLSKVFSE 
SQIKILSGK KKIYWSDDD MAVGYTIRH LSNKRCYMY 
LTKKLNIPL PAVSSIKRW MTLKEGSRK KSLTSGSPK 
KSEDEEENE
    CDS sequence
    • >TC031421 RA
      atggaggac gaaaccaca gggctgatc aagtgcacg 
gtcatctcg tgcccccat tacttccac aaggacctg 
ccgcgggcc caagacgac cacgttttc ttcccgttt 
cccgaagac gaagacgtt tgtggcacc tggaaggag 
aaatgcggg atagccgct gaccacgaa gtcgaagac 
tcgaaaata tgttcggac cattttaaa ccaactgat 
tacacggat gatacgaga cttgtgctc aaaccggac 
gcagtcccg cgcgagaat ttgggctgg atggttggc 
atgcctgaa gtgaagctg acgaaagcc cccaagttt 
gagttgatc aaggaagcg gttgatacg aatgagcga 
ctggttcag cggttccag gagttgatc aaagagttg 
aacccgctg acgaagaaa gttaacttg tataagaag 
aaaatcgag aattcgtac aaggaaatc tacaggttg 
aagaaactg attgcgaaa tatccggtt aagaagaat 
gggaagatt gagacgaat ttaattttt aaggtgttt 
tcgcaagcg cagattaat atgctacta gggaagagg 
aaagttgtg tggagttat gacgatatg gcgatggct 
ttcacactt aggcatatt ggaaatagg gagtgttat 
ttgtacttg aaggacacc ctgaatgtg ccgcttccg 
tccttatcg gcagtgcag agatggact ttccccatg 
tcttgcatc gtctggggc tgtagtaac aacagcatc 
gtaacagcg gacccctcc gtccactat tacgttttt 
cccaaacac cctgtaata gcccagcaa tgggtccaa 
gcctgtggg tggccccca gaccagata gaccccaac 
aatgcccag atttgctcc cttcatttc gacgaaaac 
agttacaca accgaggtg aaaatgatc gattacatc 
acttgttac accaaagta ttaaaattt gacgcagtc 
cccacactt tacttgccc acacaaacg gaagttgtt 
atcaaagac ccgcaaaaa gagctcggc gaaatgatc 
gtttttaca gtgccggca acagcagaa caagaaaat 
gtaaccact ggaggaggt tccaaagaa tacaccgaa 
ctaattgta caaaaggcg agtgttgaa gtggatatg 
gaaaagtac aaacacatt gcgacaaaa gaacagttg 
gcaacactt gaaaattgt aataaaaca atacgggag 
aaggtggct agattggaa aatagtctc aagcatctt 
agaagtgtg tacaacact caggtggaa acgtacaaa 
aaaaaagac ttggagttg tcgaatttg caccacgag 
tatttgaaa actaagcgt tcgtatttg actttacac 
gagcagaag gttttgctg tcgaaggtt ttttccgaa 
tcgcagatt aaaattcta tcagggaag aaaaaaatt 
tactggagt gatgacgat atggctgtt ggctacaca 
atcaggcat ttgagtaac aaaaggtgc tacatgtac 
ttgaccaag aaattaaat attcccttg ccggctgtc 
tccagtatt aagaggtgg atgactttg aaggaaggc 
agtcggaag aagagtctc acgagcgga agccccaaa 
aagagtgaa gacgaggag gaaaacgaa tga
    mRNA sequence
    • >TC031421 RA
      gatagtgac agccggttg tttatgttt tgccaataa 
atgtaagta tttttcgct taataccaa acaaagtgc 
gccccccac gtgtaaaac cgcgccccc gtgtgcagt 
gctagtgcc cggcatgga ggacgaaac cacagggct 
gatcaagtg cacggtcat ctcgtgccc ccattactt 
ccacaagga cctgccgcg ggcccaaga cgaccacgt 
tttcttccc gtttcccga agacgaaga cgtttgtgg 
cacctggaa ggagaaatg cgggatagc cgctgacca 
cgaagtcga agactcgaa aatatgttc ggaccattt 
taaaccaac tgattacac ggatgatac gagacttgt 
gctcaaacc ggacgcagt cccgcgcga gaatttggg 
ctggatggt tggcatgcc tgaagtgaa gctgacgaa 
agcccccaa gtttgagtt gatcaagga agcggttga 
tacgaatga gcgactggt tcagcggtt ccaggagtt 
gatcaaaga gttgaaccc gctgacgaa gaaagttaa 
cttgtataa gaagaaaat cgagaattc gtacaagga 
aatctacag gttgaagaa actgattgc gaaatatcc 
ggttaagaa gaatgggaa gattgagac gaatttaat 
ttttaaggt gttttcgca agcgcagat taatatgct 
actagggaa gaggaaagt tgtgtggag ttatgacga 
tatggcgat ggctttcac acttaggca tattggaaa 
tagggagtg ttatttgta cttgaagga caccctgaa 
tgtgccgct tccgtcctt atcggcagt gcagagatg 
gactttccc catgtcttg catcgtctg gggctgtag 
taacaacag catcgtaac agcggaccc ctccgtcca 
ctattacgt ttttcccaa acaccctgt aatagccca 
gcaatgggt ccaagcctg tgggtggcc cccagacca 
gatagaccc caacaatgc ccagatttg ctcccttca 
tttcgacga aaacagtta cacaaccga ggtgaaaat 
gatcgatta catcacttg ttacaccaa agtattaaa 
atttgacgc agtccccac actttactt gcccacaca 
aacggaagt tgttatcaa agacccgca aaaagagct 
cggcgaaat gatcgtttt tacagtgcc ggcaacagc 
agaacaaga aaatgtaac cactggagg aggttccaa 
agaatacac cgaactaat tgtacaaaa ggcgagtgt 
tgaagtgga tatggaaaa gtacaaaca cattgcgac 
aaaagaaca gttggcaac acttgaaaa ttgtaataa 
aacaatacg ggagaaggt ggctagatt ggaaaatag 
tctcaagca tcttagaag tgtgtacaa cactcaggt 
ggaaacgta caaaaaaaa agacttgga gttgtcgaa 
tttgcacca cgagtattt gaaaactaa gcgttcgta 
tttgacttt acacgagca gaaggtttt gctgtcgaa 
ggttttttc cgaatcgca gattaaaat tctatcagg 
gaagaaaaa aatttactg gagtgatga cgatatggc 
tgttggcta cacaatcag gcatttgag taacaaaag 
gtgctacat gtacttgac caagaaatt aaatattcc 
cttgccggc tgtctccag tattaagag gtggatgac 
tttgaagga aggcagtcg gaagaagag tctcacgag 
cggaagccc caaaaagag tgaagacga ggaggaaaa 
cgaatgaaa cttttaact ttagtactt attattatg 
attttttta atttttaat tgattaatt tagtcttta 
tattattat taattttta tatgttttt tttattttc 
tcaattacg gctaaacta ttaataaaa gtggaacta 
tttt

    If you use iBeetle-Base, please cite: Dönitz J et al.: Expanded and updated data and a query pipeline for iBeetle-Base,
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D831-D835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx984.

    The data is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY) CC-BY