Status
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Gene information
General information
TC031489
Former TC numbers

If one gene is splitted or genes are merged, the original TC numbers are listed. One listed former TC number indicates the previous gene has be splitted, serveral former TC number represents a merged gene.

TC016060,TC016061 		Gene

The sequence from the iB fragment is matched against the genes from the official gene set. The matche(s) is/are visualizied in a genome browser.

NC_007416.3: 1974434..2022526
Sequence information
Transcripts / Proteins (1) Get mRNA sequence
Get CDS sequence
Get protein sequence
Ortholog information (from OrthoDB)

The information about the homolog genes in Drosophila is provided by OrthoDB http://www.orthodb.org/. The homologs are sorted according to their similarity score. For an orthology statement additional analysis are required.
The data basis for the orthologs is OrthoDB v9 containing OGS3 for Tribolium castaneum and 2015_04 (r6.07) for Drosophila melanogaster.

Closest fly homologs
    		TC031489
    Gene ontology

    GO terms for Tribolium

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    There are no GO terms for Tribolium at the moment. You can help the community by providing some GO terms for this gene.


    GO terms for the homologous Drosophila genes

    Assign a GO term to this Tribolium gene by filling in the fields. Repeat to add several GO terms. Search AmiGO for the correct GO ID. Use only the most specific term - use "graph views" to browse related terms ("child terms" are more specific; the more general "parent" terms will be automatically linked). Only information based on Tribolium data should be entered - do not define terms just based on Drosophila knowledge. We will review this information and submit the annotation to the Gene Ontology consortium.


    Gene
    {{ goGene }}
    The Tribolium gene the GO term is assigned to.
    GO ID *
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    The ID of the GO term you assign to the gene. Please enter only the ID of the GO term with proceeding 'GO:'. This information is mandatory.
    Evidence
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    The evidence code describes with which method the function or location, expressed by the GO term, was show for this gene. Please refer to this page for a definition of the evidence code and a decision tree.
    Reference *
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    The reference where the function or location is described for the gene. Please enter a PubMed ID. This information is mandatory.
    Quotation
    If you paste here the relevant section of the reference it is for us a great help to review your annotation. The quotation may be also be displayed to the users of iBeetle-Base.
    Name
    You may enter your name. The contact information can help us to clarify any questions. If you agree, we may show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
    Email
    We will use your email address only for possible questions regarding this annotation. We will never show your address or give it away.
    Publish name
    If you have entered your name and agree by marking the checkbox. we might show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
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    * : mandatory fields
    For help on how to submit larger datasets or non experimental data please contact us.
    iBeetle screen iB_05952

    Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

    iB sequence
    Phenotype after pupal injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Pupal injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

    3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

    9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

    11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

    Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

    13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
    The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

    14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
    Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

    15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
    Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

    22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
    Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

    Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

    larval pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    empty eggs
    Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
    strong defects
    L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
    strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
    No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
    cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
    Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
    cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
    At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
    number of eggs on slide
    affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
    For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
    total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
    Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
    inside-out
    The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    Please see the help page for more information
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 30.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

    eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (3 dpi)
    Days post injection

    adult lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (9 dpi)
    Days post injection

    Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: < 20
    Phenotype after larval injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Larval injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

    11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

    16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

    19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

    22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

    41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

    Terms used in the larval injection procedure

    pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    pupal molt not fulfilled
    The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
    Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

    RNAi sequence
    Primers
    Left: Right:
    Protein sequence
    • >TC031489 RA
      MLTMSTLMM PAPAMTTMS TPAPLPVPA KLETTTKLT 
TVNQNSNTP SSNNKAEHH HIFVGDLSP EIETQTLRE 
AFAAFGEIS DCRVVRDPQ TLKSKGYGF VSFIKKAEA 
ESAINAMNG QWLGSRSIR TNWATRKPP APKSEANSK 
PMSFDEIYN QSSATNCTV YCGGITNGL CEDLLQKTF 
LPYGIIQEI RVFKEKGYA FIRFSTKES ATHAIVGVH 
NSEIGGQTV KCSWGKESG DPNNAPAAS QALTSTQYP 
YGAYGQQLG YWYPQSFPT AAAAQMQGQ FLQGMQGYT 
YGQFAGYQQ SYMGMGMQV PATWQGIPG QPQLPAQQM 
AAPSAALQQ PGLVFPIQQ YQDVDLRPA TLHCRLPPR 
LAPNSHHTP LHSRSVRFT GFWFLHECV SVAKVGRQD 
RVCPAPADV TSVWQLAEE DWLTPSLLV
    CDS sequence
    • >TC031489 RA
      atgctgacc atgtcgaca cttatgatg ccggctccg 
gccatgacc accatgtcc acgccagca cctctgccg 
gttcctgcc aaactggaa accaccacc aagctaaca 
actgttaat caaaactca aacacccct tcctctaac 
aacaaagca gagcaccac cacattttc gtcggagac 
ctgagtccc gaaattgag acgcagacg ctgagagaa 
gccttcgcc gctttcggc gaaatatcg gactgccga 
gttgtgagg gatccgcag acgctaaaa tcaaaagga 
tatgggttc gtttcattt attaaaaag gcggaggcc 
gaaagcgct atcaacgcc atgaacggc cagtggctg 
ggcagccga agcattcgc accaattgg gcgacaagg 
aagccgccc gcacccaaa tctgaagca aattcaaaa 
ccgatgtcg tttgatgag atttacaac caaagcagt 
gccaccaat tgcacggtg tattgcggt ggcattaca 
aacggcttg tgtgaagat ttattgcag aagacgttt 
cttccgtac gggataatc caagaaatc cgcgtgttt 
aaagaaaaa ggttacgcg ttcattcgt ttttcgacc 
aaagaatca gccacgcac gcaattgtt ggagttcac 
aactccgaa atcggcggt cagacggtc aaatgttca 
tgggggaag gaatcaggc gacccgaac aatgcccct 
gctgccagc caagctctg accagtacc cagtacccc 
tacggtgct tacggacaa cagctgggc tactggtac 
ccccagagc ttccccaca gccgctgcg gcgcaaatg 
caaggccag ttcctgcag gggatgcag ggctacacg 
tacgggcag tttgcgggc taccagcag tcctacatg 
gggatgggc atgcaagtc ccggctact tggcagggg 
attccgggt caaccgcag ctgcccgct cagcagatg 
gcggctccc agcgccgcc ctacaacag cccggtttg 
gtgtttccc attcaacag taccaagat gtggacctg 
cgtcctgcg accctgcac tgtcggctg ccgcctagg 
ctagcgcct aactcacac cacactcca ctccactcc 
cgttccgtt agattcact ggtttctgg tttttgcat 
gagtgcgtg tccgtggcc aaagtcggg cggcaagac 
cgtgtgtgt cctgctcct gctgatgtg acgtctgtt 
tggcagttg gcggaggag gattggctc actcccagc 
ctcctagtc tga
    mRNA sequence
    • >TC031489 RA
      gcgcgcagg aaagcgccg ccgccgggc cgcagttgg 
cagttggag tcggccgcc gctcgcgat aacacggcc 
agtgtagcg tctactccg cgccctcgc cctaccacc 
cccgacgac ggcatgaga cgagcgcgc ggcttccag 
tcttcgagt tgcgggcca cgcggctga gcgcgtccg 
ccaccggac acttagtgg acacatcat gtcgatcta 
gatcagata gtgcaacac ttcagtgag atttcgtac 
ctgcagacc atagagtta tacacatat tttagtaga 
aagtagcca atagccaag agcctttgg ctccgggaa 
gatgctgac catgtcgac acttatgat gccggctcc 
ggccatgac caccatgtc cacgccagc acctctgcc 
ggttcctgc caaactgga aaccaccac caagctaac 
aactgttaa tcaaaactc aaacacccc ttcctctaa 
caacaaagc agagcacca ccacatttt cgtcggaga 
cctgagtcc cgaaattga gacgcagac gctgagaga 
agccttcgc cgctttcgg cgaaatatc ggactgccg 
agttgtgag ggatccgca gacgctaaa atcaaaagg 
atatgggtt cgtttcatt tattaaaaa ggcggaggc 
cgaaagcgc tatcaacgc catgaacgg ccagtggct 
gggcagccg aagcattcg caccaattg ggcgacaag 
gaagccgcc cgcacccaa atctgaagc aaattcaaa 
accgatgtc gtttgatga gatttacaa ccaaagcag 
tgccaccaa ttgcacggt gtattgcgg tggcattac 
aaacggctt gtgtgaaga tttattgca gaagacgtt 
tcttccgta cgggataat ccaagaaat ccgcgtgtt 
taaagaaaa aggttacgc gttcattcg tttttcgac 
caaagaatc agccacgca cgcaattgt tggagttca 
caactccga aatcggcgg tcagacggt caaatgttc 
atgggggaa ggaatcagg cgacccgaa caatgcccc 
tgctgccag ccaagctct gaccagtac ccagtaccc 
ctacggtgc ttacggaca acagctggg ctactggta 
cccccagag cttccccac agccgctgc ggcgcaaat 
gcaaggcca gttcctgca ggggatgca gggctacac 
gtacgggca gtttgcggg ctaccagca gtcctacat 
ggggatggg catgcaagt cccggctac ttggcaggg 
gattccggg tcaaccgca gctgcccgc tcagcagat 
ggcggctcc cagcgccgc cctacaaca gcccggttt 
ggtgtttcc cattcaaca gtaccaaga tgtggacct 
gcgtcctgc gaccctgca ctgtcggct gccgcctag 
gctagcgcc taactcaca ccacactcc actccactc 
ccgttccgt tagattcac tggtttctg gtttttgca 
tgagtgcgt gtccgtggc caaagtcgg gcggcaaga 
ccgtgtgtg tcctgctcc tgctgatgt gacgtctgt 
ttggcagtt ggcggagga ggattggct cactcccag 
cctcctagt ctgatggta acacgcacc gtcgaggct 
gtaagcggg tagtacgta aacggaaac ggaaacgga 
agcgaccaa caaccgaat tgaagagtg aagacgcgc 
tctcactct cacttgggt tggtcgccc gcctgtcag 
ctgtcagcc gtcagctct tcagtccct caatcggct 
ctccactcc cgtcgccgt ctgttgccc gcttcctta 
tcgaacaat catttacag tacagtttc tattttagt 
taatattta ctcttgcag tagtgttat catacatgt 
tgaacatgt ttagattat aagagttta tatttgtaa 
agaattgcc gggaggctt ttgttttca gtttgacct 
gtacaaaca caagtaggt aagttaaga tagctaaag 
atagataga taactaaat aggtagata ttag

    If you use iBeetle-Base, please cite: Dönitz J et al.: Expanded and updated data and a query pipeline for iBeetle-Base,
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D831-D835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx984.

    The data is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY) CC-BY