Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.
Usually 10 injected animals
Terms used in the pupal injection procedure
- larval pantagmatic defects
- At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
- empty eggs
- Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
- strong defects
- L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
- strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
- No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
- cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
- Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
- cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
- At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
- number of eggs on slide
- affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed. - total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
- Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
- inside-out
- The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
- starved
- Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
- eclosion not fulfilled
- The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: 20.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: 100.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)
| Comment: The animals show an incomplete pupal molt in a phenotypic series, ranging from larvae with wing anlagen to nearly wildtypic pupae. Legs and antennae show intermediate phenotypes (shortened; partially larval, partially pupal like), wings are variably well developed and genital palps are only present in the most pupal-like animals. |
eclosion not fulfilled (died as pupa) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (11 dpi)
pupal molt not fulfilled (died with pupal and larval features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 5 (16 dpi)
eclosion not fulfilled (died as pupa) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (16 dpi)
antenna shortened -
Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2
antenna irregular - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 7
wings irregular - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
legs irregular - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
wings ectopicallypresent - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 4
female genital lobes not present - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 7
abdomen dorsal spotted - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2
abdomen dorsal potentiallynecrotic -
Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2
antenna irregular - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 7
wings irregular - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
legs irregular - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
wings ectopicallypresent - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 4
female genital lobes not present - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 7
abdomen dorsal spotted - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2
| Comment: dark spots are located at/associated with the dorsal vessel, because they move following the contractions of the heart |
If you use iBeetle-Base, please cite: Dönitz J et al.: Expanded and updated data and a query pipeline for iBeetle-Base,
Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D831-D835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx984.
The data is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY)
