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Gene information
General information
TC031351
Former TC numbers

If one gene is splitted or genes are merged, the original TC numbers are listed. One listed former TC number indicates the previous gene has be splitted, serveral former TC number represents a merged gene.

TC011272 		Gene

The sequence from the iB fragment is matched against the genes from the official gene set. The matche(s) is/are visualizied in a genome browser.

NC_007425.3: 1804351..1814329
Sequence information
Transcripts / Proteins (1) Get mRNA sequence
Get CDS sequence
Get protein sequence
Ortholog information (from OrthoDB)

The information about the homolog genes in Drosophila is provided by OrthoDB http://www.orthodb.org/. The homologs are sorted according to their similarity score. For an orthology statement additional analysis are required.
The data basis for the orthologs is OrthoDB v9 containing OGS3 for Tribolium castaneum and 2015_04 (r6.07) for Drosophila melanogaster.

Closest fly homologs
      		TC031351
      Gene ontology

      GO terms for Tribolium

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      There are no GO terms for Tribolium at the moment. You can help the community by providing some GO terms for this gene.


      GO terms for the homologous Drosophila genes

      Assign a GO term to this Tribolium gene by filling in the fields. Repeat to add several GO terms. Search AmiGO for the correct GO ID. Use only the most specific term - use "graph views" to browse related terms ("child terms" are more specific; the more general "parent" terms will be automatically linked). Only information based on Tribolium data should be entered - do not define terms just based on Drosophila knowledge. We will review this information and submit the annotation to the Gene Ontology consortium.


      Gene
      {{ goGene }}
      The Tribolium gene the GO term is assigned to.
      GO ID *
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      The ID of the GO term you assign to the gene. Please enter only the ID of the GO term with proceeding 'GO:'. This information is mandatory.
      Evidence
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      The evidence code describes with which method the function or location, expressed by the GO term, was show for this gene. Please refer to this page for a definition of the evidence code and a decision tree.
      Reference *
      {{ blurReferenceResult }}
      The reference where the function or location is described for the gene. Please enter a PubMed ID. This information is mandatory.
      Quotation
      If you paste here the relevant section of the reference it is for us a great help to review your annotation. The quotation may be also be displayed to the users of iBeetle-Base.
      Name
      You may enter your name. The contact information can help us to clarify any questions. If you agree, we may show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
      Email
      We will use your email address only for possible questions regarding this annotation. We will never show your address or give it away.
      Publish name
      If you have entered your name and agree by marking the checkbox. we might show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
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      * : mandatory fields
      For help on how to submit larger datasets or non experimental data please contact us.
      iBeetle screen iB_05007

      Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

      iB sequence
      Phenotype after pupal injection
      Usually 10 injected animals

      Pupal injection procedure

      Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

      3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

      9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

      11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

      Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

      13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
      The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

      14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
      Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

      15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
      Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

      22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
      Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

      Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

      larval pantagmatic defects
      At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
      empty eggs
      Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
      strong defects
      L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
      strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
      No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
      cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
      Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
      cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
      At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
      number of eggs on slide
      affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
      For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
      total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
      Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
      inside-out
      The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
      starved
      Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
      eclosion not fulfilled
      The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
      Please see the help page for more information
      Metamorphosis and survival

      Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 30.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

      eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (3 dpi)
      Days post injection

      adult lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (9 dpi)
      Days post injection

      Analysis of embryonic musculature and early development
      number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: > 50 embryo/egg not developed/not fertilized - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%

      affected eggs/embryos/larvae - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%
      Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
      number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: < 50
       embryo/egg without visible larval cuticle in cuticle preparation - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%
      affected eggs/embryos/larvae - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%
      Phenotype after larval injection
      Usually 10 injected animals

      Larval injection procedure

      Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

      11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

      16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

      19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

      22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

      41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

      Terms used in the larval injection procedure

      pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
      At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
      pupal molt not fulfilled
      The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
      eclosion not fulfilled
      The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
      starved
      Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
      Metamorphosis and survival

      Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: 10.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
      Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: 60.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

      larva lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (11 dpi)
      Days post injection

      eclosion not fulfilled (died as pupa) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (16 dpi)
      Days post injection

      eclosion not fulfilled (not completely eclosed) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (16 dpi)
      Days post injection


      eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (16 dpi)
      Days post injection


      Adult morphology
      elytra surface irregular - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 3


      RNAi sequence
      Primers
      Left: Right:
      Protein sequence
      • >TC031351 RA
        MLKQGIIRP SDSPWSSPI WIVPKKLDA SGQRKWRIV 
IDYRKLNEQ TVEDRYPLP NINDILDKL GRSQYFSTI 
DLASGFHQI EVDPNDVQK TAFTVENGH YEFVRMPFG 
LKNAPSTFQ RVMDNVLRG ILNRLQTLE FVPEINQYL 
GIFPVSVPI KSSCSNVLA QHQIQGVFL FENQLNCQK 
YVNDQLLIF NDTTERKPI ILEDFRLPV RNNVKIPKL 
TLRTLQVTS LTNNLPRLQ MYPYEDSKN IWHLTGTAI 
LYFVFLALA IWFMMQKIA FRRRNQTEE APEPVELPR 
DAKF
      CDS sequence
      • >TC031351 RA
        atgctaaaa caaggcata atccgacct tctgattcg 
ccatggtcc tctccaatt tggatagta cccaaaaaa 
ttagacgct tccgggcaa cgcaaatgg agaatagtc 
atcgactat cgaaaactt aacgaacaa acagtcgaa 
gatcgttac cccttacca aatatcaat gacatactc 
gataagctg ggtcgtagt caatacttt agcacaatc 
gatcttgct tccggtttc caccaaata gaagtagac 
ccaaacgat gtccaaaaa actgcattt acggtagaa 
aatgggcat tacgaattc gtcagaatg cccttcggc 
ttgaaaaac gccccatca acattccaa cgtgtgatg 
gacaatgta ttacgcggt atcctcaac aggctccaa 
actctcgaa ttcgttccc gaaattaat cagtatcta 
ggcattttt ccggtatca gttcccatc aaaagttct 
tgctccaat gttttggca caacaccaa atccaaggt 
gtcttcctc ttcgaaaat caactaaac tgccaaaaa 
tacgtcaat gatcaactt ctgattttt aatgataca 
accgaaaga aaacccata atcctagaa gacttcaga 
cttcctgta agaaataat gtgaagatt cccaagcta 
accttgagg acccttcaa gttacaagt ttaactaac 
aacctgccc cgacttcag atgtacccc tacgaagat 
agcaaaaat atttggcac ctaaccgga actgctata 
ttgtatttt gtatttcta gccttagcc atctggttt 
atgatgcag aagatagca tttcggcga agaaaccaa 
acggaagaa gcccctgag ccagtagaa ctaccccgc 
gatgccaaa ttttag
      mRNA sequence
      • >TC031351 RA
        tttgattac agacgtaga cgattttca gattaccca 
aataccatt cgaaagtgt ctgtggccc ggacacgat 
gaaactttg gcttaacaa taacgaata agtaacacg 
tttctgata ttactctta tacccaatt ttgtccttt 
tcccgaata ttgtcattt caccattac ttatgaatt 
tataaactg agtttcttg tttatgtgt aacttccaa 
cttgtttat gaataactt acgaattat gaactgatt 
taataaatt atgaatttt ccaatgtat ttatgagtg 
catgattat gatacattt atgtgaaaa aaaagagag 
atacagatt atgaattat gatatcctc agtacttat 
ttgacgttt tgttcatag ggtttgttg gacagaaat 
attattatg tatgtacac tgtatgtta ggaaactag 
caatttagg ttcttttgt gttgaacaa atgatttgc 
aatgtttta gttctttag tattctgtt ttacatgtc 
ttatttttg tgatcgcgg acgatcacc agtcaggat 
ggccgagtt gtaggattt gtatctccc gccactggc 
tggggtcct ccgcgacta gaaaaagca aaactttac 
tttgctaaa ttaataaaa aatgacccg tttattatt 
tctacagcg cacggctgt acaaaagaa caatttagc 
gtttccata ccctgtccc aaaattttt aaaagtaaa 
actaaaatc gttaagttc catatattc aaatttcac 
aaatatttc gattgttta cttggcatt gataattta 
aaacaactc caagcaaac attgacctt aacttgggc 
aaactcttt cttcccaat acccaaatc gatataaac 
ttaaaaaaa ttatgtgat tacaataat catatcgaa 
gtcctgcca aattccgaa caagtaata aaaattaag 
attgcaaac gttaaaaat ggaactgcc cttttacca 
aaacataca ttttcagac ctagaaatt cacgaaagt 
ctcattaaa gtcgaaaat aatttcgct ttaacgtcg 
ttaataaac cctactaac aaacataca aaagtcgac 
atctctcat ccatttgaa gtgattcca caggaccaa 
tttgatata ccaaattta aacaacctt gaacctcaa 
gcacaaaat tttgatttt tccaaagta agattagac 
cactgtaac aaagaagag cgtcaaaat ttagtaaag 
ttgctgaaa tcttattca gacattttt tattttgat 
tctgacaac ctaacattt acaaatgca gtgaaacac 
aaaattaat ttgaaggac gagactccc atacacact 
aaaacatat cgttacccc cacattcac aaaacggag 
gtacaaaat caaatatcc aaaatgcta aaacaaggc 
ataatccga ccttctgat tcgccatgg tcctctcca 
atttggata gtacccaaa aaattagac gcttccggg 
caacgcaaa tggagaata gtcatcgac tatcgaaaa 
cttaacgaa caaacagtc gaagatcgt tacccctta 
ccaaatatc aatgacata ctcgataag ctgggtcgt 
agtcaatac tttagcaca atcgatctt gcttccggt 
ttccaccaa atagaagta gacccaaac gatgtccaa 
aaaactgca tttacggta gaaaatggg cattacgaa 
ttcgtcaga atgcccttc ggcttgaaa aacgcccca 
tcaacattc caacgtgtg atggacaat gtattacgc 
ggtatcctc aacaggctc caaactctc gaattcgtt 
cccgaaatt aatcagtat ctaggcatt tttccggta 
tcagttccc atcaaaagt tcttgctcc aatgttttg 
gcacaacac caaatccaa ggtgtcttc ctcttcgaa 
aatcaacta aactgccaa aaatacgtc aatgatcaa 
cttctgatt tttaatgat acaaccgaa agaaaaccc 
ataatccta gaagacttc agacttcct gtaagaaat 
aatgtgaag attcccaag ctaaccttg aggaccctt 
caagttaca agtttaact aacaacctg ccccgactt 
cagatgtac ccctacgaa gatagcaaa aatatttgg 
cacctaacc ggaactgct atattgtat tttgtattt 
ctagcctta gccatctgg tttatgatg cagaagata 
gcatttcgg cgaagaaac caaacggaa gaagcccct 
gagccagta gaactaccc cgcgatgcc aaattttag 
ttcctctcc ggagtttcg ggctaagag gggaggaat 
tatatgtgc aaaatatcc ccttagtgc ttaatgctt 
agtaaacat tttttatat tataaatat atgctaaat 
tgtaga

      If you use iBeetle-Base, please cite: Dönitz J et al.: Expanded and updated data and a query pipeline for iBeetle-Base,
      Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D831-D835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx984.

      The data is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY) CC-BY