Status
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Gene information
General information
TC032973
Former TC numbers

If one gene is splitted or genes are merged, the original TC numbers are listed. One listed former TC number indicates the previous gene has be splitted, serveral former TC number represents a merged gene.

TC008590,TC008589 		Gene

The sequence from the iB fragment is matched against the genes from the official gene set. The matche(s) is/are visualizied in a genome browser.

NC_007417.3: 1626958..1640545
Sequence information
Transcripts / Proteins (1) Get mRNA sequence
Get CDS sequence
Get protein sequence
Ortholog information (from OrthoDB)

The information about the homolog genes in Drosophila is provided by OrthoDB http://www.orthodb.org/. The homologs are sorted according to their similarity score. For an orthology statement additional analysis are required.
The data basis for the orthologs is OrthoDB v9 containing OGS3 for Tribolium castaneum and 2015_04 (r6.07) for Drosophila melanogaster.

Closest fly homologs
    		TC032973
    Gene ontology

    GO terms for Tribolium

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    There are no GO terms for Tribolium at the moment. You can help the community by providing some GO terms for this gene.


    GO terms for the homologous Drosophila genes

    Assign a GO term to this Tribolium gene by filling in the fields. Repeat to add several GO terms. Search AmiGO for the correct GO ID. Use only the most specific term - use "graph views" to browse related terms ("child terms" are more specific; the more general "parent" terms will be automatically linked). Only information based on Tribolium data should be entered - do not define terms just based on Drosophila knowledge. We will review this information and submit the annotation to the Gene Ontology consortium.


    Gene
    {{ goGene }}
    The Tribolium gene the GO term is assigned to.
    GO ID *
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    The ID of the GO term you assign to the gene. Please enter only the ID of the GO term with proceeding 'GO:'. This information is mandatory.
    Evidence
    {{ blurEvidenceResult }}
    The evidence code describes with which method the function or location, expressed by the GO term, was show for this gene. Please refer to this page for a definition of the evidence code and a decision tree.
    Reference *
    {{ blurReferenceResult }}
    The reference where the function or location is described for the gene. Please enter a PubMed ID. This information is mandatory.
    Quotation
    If you paste here the relevant section of the reference it is for us a great help to review your annotation. The quotation may be also be displayed to the users of iBeetle-Base.
    Name
    You may enter your name. The contact information can help us to clarify any questions. If you agree, we may show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
    Email
    We will use your email address only for possible questions regarding this annotation. We will never show your address or give it away.
    Publish name
    If you have entered your name and agree by marking the checkbox. we might show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
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    * : mandatory fields
    For help on how to submit larger datasets or non experimental data please contact us.
    iBeetle screen iB_04524

    Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

    iB sequence
    Phenotype after pupal injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Pupal injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

    3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

    9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

    11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

    Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

    13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
    The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

    14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
    Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

    15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
    Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

    22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
    Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

    Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

    larval pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    empty eggs
    Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
    strong defects
    L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
    strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
    No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
    cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
    Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
    cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
    At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
    number of eggs on slide
    affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
    For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
    total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
    Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
    inside-out
    The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    Please see the help page for more information
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 30.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

    eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 3 (3 dpi)
    Days post injection

    Analysis of embryonic musculature and early development
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: > 50 embryo/egg with embryonic tissue, no cuticle, but muscle fluorescence - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%

    affected eggs/embryos/larvae - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%
    Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: > 50
     embryo/egg without visible larval cuticle in cuticle preparation - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%

    larva segment random not present - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%

    affected eggs/embryos/larvae - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
    Phenotype after larval injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Larval injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

    11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

    16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

    19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

    22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

    41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

    Terms used in the larval injection procedure

    pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    pupal molt not fulfilled
    The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: 0.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
    Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: 0.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

    RNAi sequence
    Primers
    Left: Right:
    Protein sequence
    • >TC032973 RA
      MEDHNKDET NFNLLQDKR LKPNGHEIK AYKRRWIIL 
TIFIVYAAV NSYQWIEYS IINNIITRY YNVTPVMVD 
WTSIIYMAL YAPLVIPAS YILDKYGLR AAGLIGGLG 
TALGTSIKV FSIGRESFW IVLLGQAVV SASQLLILC 
LPPRIAAVW FKPNEVSTA CSLGVFGTQ LGAALGFVL 
SPMLVKNRE NVEEIGHDL KILCWGLTA VILPTAIAI 
IFYFPMQPP KPPSITQVE ERNRTEKFS AKLFFQSIS 
VLMKNMPFV IHVIAYGIN IGVFSAIGT LLNQLVLRY 
FKHLPDAEE FAGRAGLVM IVIGMIGSI LFGIFLDKT 
HKYKETTVY TYLLSSVSI LAFMFALEM KSKILVYIA 
IGVVGLFTN AYMPVGFEF AMELTFPSS EGTTTGLLM 
APSQVLGVV FALMLGQLN VVIGPFCVS AMEHDIVIE 
KFLPTENRN QEIVLYKKR WLILTLYIL YAAINAFQW 
FEYSIIANV LMKFYNVSA VSVDWTSII YMALYMPMV 
IPVSYLMEK LDLRQIAAI GVLGTALGT IVKVYSLSP 
DQMWVTYLG QTILSSMQV FILPLPPRI ASVWFGSKE 
VSLACALGV FGTQLGQAI GFVVPPIVV RYSEDVETI 
GRDLGVLVK GLAWLTLVV TVAVLTYFS AHPTTPPND 
INNERTHFF KSLKNLFRN RSFNFHTVA YGINIAVFT 
SISTLLNQF FLFHFPKSE EDAGRVGLI MVILGMMGA 
IAFGYILDK THRYKEITL CMYIASFLS VIAFMFSLE 
SGSKILVYI SGALVGLFI NAYMPVGLE LAIELTYPE 
PESTSSGIL ISMTQTLGV LFTLMLGES YVKVEAWLD 
LIH
    CDS sequence
    • >TC032973 RA
      atggaagat cataataag gatgaaaca aatttcaat 
ctactccaa gataagcgg ttgaaacca aatggtcac 
gaaatcaag gcttacaaa cgacgatgg ataatttta 
acaattttc atagtttac gctgctgta aactcgtac 
caatggatc gaatattca attatcaac aacataatt 
acaagatat tacaacgtt actcctgtg atggtggac 
tggacatca atcatttac atggccctc tatgcacct 
ttagtcata ccagcttcc tacattttg gataaatat 
ggtttacgt gccgctgga ctaattgga ggactagga 
acagcatta ggaacctca attaaagta ttttcaatc 
ggacgtgaa tccttctgg attgtcctt ctaggtcaa 
gcagttgta tcagcatca caactttta attctatgt 
cttccacca agaatagca gctgtttgg ttcaaaccc 
aatgaagta tcaactgct tgttctctt ggtgtattt 
ggaactcaa cttggtgct gccctgggg tttgtgcta 
tcacccatg cttgtgaaa aatcgtgaa aatgtggaa 
gaaattgga catgacttg aaaatattg tgctggggt 
ctcacagct gtcatttta ccaacagcg attgcgatt 
atattttat tttccaatg caacctcca aagccacca 
agcattaca caagtggag gaaagaaat agaacggaa 
aaattttct gcaaaatta ttttttcaa tcaatttca 
gttctgatg aaaaatatg ccgtttgta atccacgtc 
atagcttat ggtatcaat attggggtt ttttctgcc 
attggtact ctcttgaat caacttgtg ttacgctat 
tttaaacac ttaccagat gctgaagaa tttgctggt 
agagctgga ttggttatg attgtcatt ggaatgatc 
gggtcaatt ttatttgga atattcctt gacaagaca 
cataaatac aaagaaacc acagtttat acttactta 
ttgtcttca gttagtatt cttgcgttc atgtttgca 
ttagaaatg aagtcgaaa attttggtt tatattgca 
ataggagta gttggctta tttacaaat gcctatatg 
ccagtaggt tttgagttt gcgatggag ttaactttc 
ccttcttct gaaggtact accacagga ttacttatg 
gcaccatca caagtttta ggagttgtt tttgcgcta 
atgttgggt cagcttaac gttgtaatt gggccgttt 
tgcgtgtct gcaatggaa cacgacatt gtcattgaa 
aaatttcta ccaaccgaa aacagaaac caagaaatt 
gttttgtac aaaaaacga tggttaata cttacttta 
tacatttta tatgccgca attaatgct ttccaatgg 
tttgaatac tcaataatt gcaaatgtt ttaatgaaa 
ttttacaat gttagtgcc gtttccgtt gattggact 
tcaataatt tacatggca ttgtatatg ccaatggtt 
ataccagta tcatatctc atggagaaa ttggattta 
cgccaaatt gcagcaatt ggtgttttg ggaaccgca 
ttaggcaca attgttaaa gtctattca ctttcacca 
gatcaaatg tgggtgaca tatctgggc caaacaatt 
ctttcttcc atgcaagtt tttattcta cctctacca 
cctcgcata gcttcggtt tggtttggt tcgaaagaa 
gtatcttta gcatgtgca ttgggtgtg tttgggaca 
cagttaggt caagcgatt ggatttgtt gttcctccg 
attgttgta cgatacagt gaagatgtg gagacgatt 
gggcgtgat ttgggtgtt ctagtcaaa ggattagct 
tggcttacc ttagttgtt actgttgct gttttaaca 
tatttttcc gctcatccc accactcca ccaaatgat 
ataaacaac gaaagaacc cattttttt aaatccttg 
aaaaattta tttaggaat aggagtttt aattttcat 
actgtcgca tatgggatt aatattgct gtgtttact 
tcaatttca acgctactg aatcagttt tttttgttt 
cactttcca aaatcggaa gaagatgct ggaagagtt 
ggtttaata atggtaatt ttgggcatg atgggagct 
atagctttc ggttatatt ttagacaag acacaccga 
tacaaagaa ataacgttg tgcatgtat attgcatcc 
tttttatca gttattgct tttatgttt tccctcgaa 
tcgggttca aaaattttg gtctacatt tccggagct 
ttagtaggc ttattcata aatgcatat atgccagtt 
ggactagaa ttagcaata gagctgact tatccagaa 
cctgaaagc acaagttcc ggaattttg atctccatg 
acccagaca ttgggtgtt ttatttact ttaatgtta 
ggagaaagt tatgtaaaa gtggaggcg tggcttgat 
ctcattcac tag
    mRNA sequence
    • >TC032973 RA
      cgtttgtta taatacaga ttacgtgat aacaatgca 
tatttaaac aagctgctt taaaaaatt aaaagatat 
cgttttttt gcacaactt aaccaacac tgtatttat 
aatggaaga tcataataa ggatgaaac aaatttcaa 
tctactcca agataagcg gttgaaacc aaatggtca 
cgaaatcaa ggcttacaa acgacgatg gataatttt 
aacaatttt catagttta cgctgctgt aaactcgta 
ccaatggat cgaatattc aattatcaa caacataat 
tacaagata ttacaacgt tactcctgt gatggtgga 
ctggacatc aatcattta catggccct ctatgcacc 
tttagtcat accagcttc ctacatttt ggataaata 
tggtttacg tgccgctgg actaattgg aggactagg 
aacagcatt aggaacctc aattaaagt attttcaat 
cggacgtga atccttctg gattgtcct tctaggtca 
agcagttgt atcagcatc acaactttt aattctatg 
tcttccacc aagaatagc agctgtttg gttcaaacc 
caatgaagt atcaactgc ttgttctct tggtgtatt 
tggaactca acttggtgc tgccctggg gtttgtgct 
atcacccat gcttgtgaa aaatcgtga aaatgtgga 
agaaattgg acatgactt gaaaatatt gtgctgggg 
tctcacagc tgtcatttt accaacagc gattgcgat 
tatatttta ttttccaat gcaacctcc aaagccacc 
aagcattac acaagtgga ggaaagaaa tagaacgga 
aaaattttc tgcaaaatt attttttca atcaatttc 
agttctgat gaaaaatat gccgtttgt aatccacgt 
catagctta tggtatcaa tattggggt tttttctgc 
cattggtac tctcttgaa tcaacttgt gttacgcta 
ttttaaaca cttaccaga tgctgaaga atttgctgg 
tagagctgg attggttat gattgtcat tggaatgat 
cgggtcaat tttatttgg aatattcct tgacaagac 
acataaata caaagaaac cacagttta tacttactt 
attgtcttc agttagtat tcttgcgtt catgtttgc 
attagaaat gaagtcgaa aattttggt ttatattgc 
aataggagt agttggctt atttacaaa tgcctatat 
gccagtagg ttttgagtt tgcgatgga gttaacttt 
cccttcttc tgaaggtac taccacagg attacttat 
ggcaccatc acaagtttt aggagttgt ttttgcgct 
aatgttggg tcagcttaa cgttgtaat tgggccgtt 
ttgcgtgtc tgcaatgga acacgacat tgtcattga 
aaaatttct accaaccga aaacagaaa ccaagaaat 
tgttttgta caaaaaacg atggttaat acttacttt 
atacatttt atatgccgc aattaatgc tttccaatg 
gtttgaata ctcaataat tgcaaatgt tttaatgaa 
attttacaa tgttagtgc cgtttccgt tgattggac 
ttcaataat ttacatggc attgtatat gccaatggt 
tataccagt atcatatct catggagaa attggattt 
acgccaaat tgcagcaat tggtgtttt gggaaccgc 
attaggcac aattgttaa agtctattc actttcacc 
agatcaaat gtgggtgac atatctggg ccaaacaat 
tctttcttc catgcaagt ttttattct acctctacc 
acctcgcat agcttcggt ttggtttgg ttcgaaaga 
agtatcttt agcatgtgc attgggtgt gtttgggac 
acagttagg tcaagcgat tggatttgt tgttcctcc 
gattgttgt acgatacag tgaagatgt ggagacgat 
tgggcgtga tttgggtgt tctagtcaa aggattagc 
ttggcttac cttagttgt tactgttgc tgttttaac 
atatttttc cgctcatcc caccactcc accaaatga 
tataaacaa cgaaagaac ccatttttt taaatcctt 
gaaaaattt atttaggaa taggagttt taattttca 
tactgtcgc atatgggat taatattgc tgtgtttac 
ttcaatttc aacgctact gaatcagtt ttttttgtt 
tcactttcc aaaatcgga agaagatgc tggaagagt 
tggtttaat aatggtaat tttgggcat gatgggagc 
tatagcttt cggttatat tttagacaa gacacaccg 
atacaaaga aataacgtt gtgcatgta tattgcatc 
ctttttatc agttattgc ttttatgtt ttccctcga 
atcgggttc aaaaatttt ggtctacat ttccggagc 
tttagtagg cttattcat aaatgcata tatgccagt 
tggactaga attagcaat agagctgac ttatccaga 
acctgaaag cacaagttc cggaatttt gatctccat 
gacccagac attgggtgt tttatttac tttaatgtt 
aggagaaag ttatgtaaa agtggaggc gtggcttga 
tctcattca ctagatggc gtagcctgt gctataagc 
tataagtgc gtatctcct cttgccaaa caagctatc 
atatggtag gatataaaa tgaataata ctctttgtt 
ctacatgtg gttgtgaac atgaacaaa agtggtttt 
tgttacatt ctgtaccta acgtgagtt aacaccgtg 
ttatagaat gatgtgata agtgaacca gatttgact 
tttattaat tcaattatg caattattt agttaattg 
ttctgaaac tactttatt atccgcatt taaaaaatc 
atgagtgaa caaatatca ggtaggtat ctaataata 
gtttataat tgtt

    If you use iBeetle-Base, please cite: Dönitz J et al.: Expanded and updated data and a query pipeline for iBeetle-Base,
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D831-D835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx984.

    The data is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY) CC-BY