Status
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Gene information
General information
TC031968
Former TC numbers

If one gene is splitted or genes are merged, the original TC numbers are listed. One listed former TC number indicates the previous gene has be splitted, serveral former TC number represents a merged gene.

TC004814,TC004816 		Gene

The sequence from the iB fragment is matched against the genes from the official gene set. The matche(s) is/are visualizied in a genome browser.

NC_007417.3: 2256234..2284550
Sequence information
Transcripts / Proteins (1) Get mRNA sequence
Get CDS sequence
Get protein sequence
Ortholog information (from OrthoDB)

The information about the homolog genes in Drosophila is provided by OrthoDB http://www.orthodb.org/. The homologs are sorted according to their similarity score. For an orthology statement additional analysis are required.
The data basis for the orthologs is OrthoDB v9 containing OGS3 for Tribolium castaneum and 2015_04 (r6.07) for Drosophila melanogaster.

Closest fly homologs
    		TC031968
    Gene ontology

    GO terms for Tribolium

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    There are no GO terms for Tribolium at the moment. You can help the community by providing some GO terms for this gene.


    GO terms for the homologous Drosophila genes

    Assign a GO term to this Tribolium gene by filling in the fields. Repeat to add several GO terms. Search AmiGO for the correct GO ID. Use only the most specific term - use "graph views" to browse related terms ("child terms" are more specific; the more general "parent" terms will be automatically linked). Only information based on Tribolium data should be entered - do not define terms just based on Drosophila knowledge. We will review this information and submit the annotation to the Gene Ontology consortium.


    Gene
    {{ goGene }}
    The Tribolium gene the GO term is assigned to.
    GO ID *
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    The ID of the GO term you assign to the gene. Please enter only the ID of the GO term with proceeding 'GO:'. This information is mandatory.
    Evidence
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    The evidence code describes with which method the function or location, expressed by the GO term, was show for this gene. Please refer to this page for a definition of the evidence code and a decision tree.
    Reference *
    {{ blurReferenceResult }}
    The reference where the function or location is described for the gene. Please enter a PubMed ID. This information is mandatory.
    Quotation
    If you paste here the relevant section of the reference it is for us a great help to review your annotation. The quotation may be also be displayed to the users of iBeetle-Base.
    Name
    You may enter your name. The contact information can help us to clarify any questions. If you agree, we may show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
    Email
    We will use your email address only for possible questions regarding this annotation. We will never show your address or give it away.
    Publish name
    If you have entered your name and agree by marking the checkbox. we might show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
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    * : mandatory fields
    For help on how to submit larger datasets or non experimental data please contact us.
    iBeetle screen iB_03851

    Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

    iB sequence
    Phenotype after pupal injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Pupal injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

    3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

    9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

    11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

    Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

    13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
    The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

    14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
    Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

    15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
    Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

    22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
    Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

    Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

    larval pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    empty eggs
    Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
    strong defects
    L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
    strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
    No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
    cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
    Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
    cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
    At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
    number of eggs on slide
    affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
    For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
    total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
    Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
    inside-out
    The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    Please see the help page for more information
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 20.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

    eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (3 dpi)
    Days post injection

    adult lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (9 dpi)
    Days post injection

    Analysis of embryonic musculature and early development
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: > 50 embryo/egg with embryonic tissue potentially present, no cuticle, no fluorescence - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%

    affected eggs/embryos/larvae total percentage of affected eggs/embryos/larvae on slide - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
    Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: > 50
     egg without cuticle embryo/egg without visible larval cuticle in cuticle preparation - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
    affected eggs/embryos/larvae total percentage of affected eggs/embryos/larvae on slide - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
    Phenotype after larval injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Larval injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

    11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

    16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

    19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

    22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

    41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

    Terms used in the larval injection procedure

    pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    pupal molt not fulfilled
    The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: 70.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
    Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: 100.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

    larva lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 7 (11 dpi)
    Days post injection

    pupal molt delayed (still larva) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (11 dpi)
    Days post injection

    eclosion not fulfilled (died as pupa) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 3 (16 dpi)
    Days post injection

    Pupal morphology
    head appendages pattern constricted - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1

    maxillary palp structure not present - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1
    antenna orientation irregular - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1
    head orientation irregular - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1
    head size shortened - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1
    elytra ventralorientation not closed - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1

    elytra size shortened - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1

    legs orientation irregular - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1
    wings shortened - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1
    RNAi sequence
    Primers
    Left: Right:
    Protein sequence
    • >TC031968 RA
      MPATIPDSP GSSPGIKDE CDDFMCIDD SPLDLRINC 
GRISPGARD SGTESDDTE EKIIQEGAD CKPYKKSLI 
KRFDKEQNN YLHQLLSRQ RTDLQHPSL CDYGRRKSV 
YPTTTTGSL PPSPADSGV SDVDSSSSG HTSTDELKA 
RLQPSIHSP VGNLFSRHP LSWTSPAHH GQRAPSHMP 
QQFYQPFTS IPDSYNSYL LQQHHHVQQ NQHMHHHNS 
TASPFTTPS PPSPPMRHA IPTSVIQAA TSSVYDDAY 
MLGFSPRKL KKVKKQKIG EPGSVKRKS REGSTTYLW 
EFLLKLLQD REYCPRYIK WTNREKGVF KLVDSKAVS 
RLWGMHKNK PDMNYETMG RALRYYYQR GILAKVDGQ 
RLVYQFVEV PKDIIEIDC TGA
    CDS sequence
    • >TC031968 RA
      atgccagcc accattccg gactcgccc ggatcctcc 
cccggaatc aaggatgaa tgcgacgat ttcatgtgc 
attgacgac tcacccctg gacttgaga atcaactgc 
ggccggatt agtccggga gcgcgcgat tccggaact 
gaaagcgac gacacggaa gaaaagatc atacaggaa 
ggcgccgac tgcaaaccc tacaaaaag agcctgatc 
aagagattt gacaaggag caaaacaac tacttacat 
caactactt tcaagacag cgtacagac ctccaacat 
ccctcattg tgtgattat ggcagaaga aagtcagtg 
tatcccacg acaaccacc ggttcgttg cctccgagt 
ccagcagat tcgggcgtt tcagacgtg gacagttcg 
tccagcggt cacacatca accgacgaa ttaaaagcg 
agattacag ccctcgata cattctccc gtaggaaat 
ttattttca agacaccca ttgtcatgg acgtcaccc 
gcccatcat ggtcagcga gctcccagt catatgccc 
cagcagttc taccaaccc ttcacctcc ataccggat 
tcgtacaac agctacctt ctccagcag caccaccac 
gtccagcag aaccagcac atgcaccac cacaacagc 
accgcctcc cctttcacg acgccctct cccccgtct 
ccgcccatg aggcacgcc atccccacc tcggtgatc 
caggcggcc acttcgagc gtgtacgat gacgcgtac 
atgctcggt ttttcccct cgaaaactg aagaaagtc 
aagaagcaa aaaatcggc gaacccggt tccgtcaaa 
aggaaaagt cgggagggt tcgacgacg tatctgtgg 
gaattcttg ctcaaactc ctgcaggac agggagtac 
tgcccgcgg tatatcaag tggacgaac agggagaag 
ggcgtcttc aagctggtg gactccaag gcggtgtcc 
aggctctgg ggcatgcac aagaacaag cccgatatg 
aattacgag acgatgggg cgggctctg aggtactac 
taccagagg ggcattttg gcgaaggtg gacggtcaa 
aggctggtt tatcagttc gttgaagtt ccgaaggat 
ataatcgaa atcgattgc acgggcgcg tga
    mRNA sequence
    • >TC031968 RA
      attcacggc gtgtccaaa tgaaagtaa agaggcagg 
cactttgac gaaagctcc cgacgactc cacgaccgc 
cgtatctga gtcagtagg acattcgaa ccctactag 
tctgcactg aacggtgag gcaagcaag tagcgttaa 
gtacccctc tgtgcaact acacacgcg tgtggcaaa 
gtgtttaca ttgtgacag tgcgaggac ttcgattat 
gcgatcata aactcactt ttgatgatt ctgatcaag 
ccgttcagc aaaatgcca gccaccatt ccggactcg 
cccggatcc tcccccgga atcaaggat gaatgcgac 
gatttcatg tgcattgac gactcaccc ctggacttg 
agaatcaac tgcggccgg attagtccg ggagcgcgc 
gattccgga actgaaagc gacgacacg gaagaaaag 
atcatacag gaaggcgcc gactgcaaa ccctacaaa 
aagagcctg atcaagaga tttgacaag gagcaaaac 
aactactta catcaacta ctttcaaga cagcgtaca 
gacctccaa catccctca ttgtgtgat tatggcaga 
agaaagtca gtgtatccc acgacaacc accggttcg 
ttgcctccg agtccagca gattcgggc gtttcagac 
gtggacagt tcgtccagc ggtcacaca tcaaccgac 
gaattaaaa gcgagatta cagccctcg atacattct 
cccgtagga aatttattt tcaagacac ccattgtca 
tggacgtca cccgcccat catggtcag cgagctccc 
agtcatatg ccccagcag ttctaccaa cccttcacc 
tccataccg gattcgtac aacagctac cttctccag 
cagcaccac cacgtccag cagaaccag cacatgcac 
caccacaac agcaccgcc tcccctttc acgacgccc 
tctcccccg tctccgccc atgaggcac gccatcccc 
acctcggtg atccaggcg gccacttcg agcgtgtac 
gatgacgcg tacatgctc ggtttttcc cctcgaaaa 
ctgaagaaa gtcaagaag caaaaaatc ggcgaaccc 
ggttccgtc aaaaggaaa agtcgggag ggttcgacg 
acgtatctg tgggaattc ttgctcaaa ctcctgcag 
gacagggag tactgcccg cggtatatc aagtggacg 
aacagggag aagggcgtc ttcaagctg gtggactcc 
aaggcggtg tccaggctc tggggcatg cacaagaac 
aagcccgat atgaattac gagacgatg gggcgggct 
ctgaggtac tactaccag aggggcatt ttggcgaag 
gtggacggt caaaggctg gtttatcag ttcgttgaa 
gttccgaag gatataatc gaaatcgat tgcacgggc 
gcgtgattg ccttttaat tagacttct tccagtggt 
gtggaccac tgtctcgag agtacaaca tacttaaaa 
cacgaaatg aatttattt attagaaat tatacgtag 
gaactctgg tgtaaataa agacaatat tggaagagt 
tggttgaat tcatacaac gaattttcg cactttgca 
catttcgct ccgagatct caatgtaaa gtgtaacac 
gaatcactg tcatatctt cgtcatgga cctgatacg 
tcaatcaag aataagtgt cttgtcacc ttaactgga 
ctgctagga aggttgtga tgtgaatta tgttatcca 
ggttgtggt tactttaat aattaaacc agcaagaga 
ttgtaattt ttgcactat ttcataccc gttgcttcc 
cgagcaata ataaaattc cgacaaaaa tttggtttt 
tggcaaaca caaggtgct tcgcgtgtt aaattgtac 
agtgataat ttgttattt tgttgattg aaaagattt 
aactcgatt gcaatgtaa ataaaagtt tataaaagc 
cgtatggat gttgttgct tgtatgaaa tagtgatag 
taattgtta tactagatt tttataaag taagagata 
tttagatat tgtacatta cttaacaac ggtacgaag 
atttaatat gaaatgtga tagagagga taaagtatt 
ttggagacg ttttataaa ttttgttac ctagtttag 
cggtgctct tacaaggcg atgagactg tgcggtgcc 
tgaagattg acaaaacgc gttgaattg tcaatattt 
tagctctct tgagtgttc ggcagaaga ataaactac 
taaaagctt tgatctcag atgtacacg caggaaaac 
agtttgatt gaaaaacgc agaaaattg taaataaca 
ctgtttttg tacttatga ttgggttcc gtttctaat 
ccgtgtttc ctttacgtt tattttcta agtgtacat 
tctgtatag tatttattt aataacgtc aagaactca 
caatactaa gttgtaaat tttcgttgt aacgttctg 
tgattgtat atttagttc cctttgtaa aattttcga 
aattttcat tgtagtgaa tgttattaa cgttgtacc 
taaggtcaa atgtgtctt gaaatttta cccaactca 
gtgcgcaaa tcaggacga aattacaat tatattatt 
attaaaaac taacccagg tctcaatct cagtgaagt 
aactataca tatgtgtag aattattaa ctaaatgta 
cgcacaaca aacaaaata gtaacaaca ttcgaattg 
tacgtccaa aacatgtga taattgtcg aaaatgcat 
gcttgatca ccttagcat agatatatt tggtataca 
tgttcagtg gtcttttaa aacattttg tttgttgct 
gttggtccg ttcggtttc accttcatg tatacacat 
attgtttgt actctataa aaaagattt gaactaaac 
taacatttg ttgtaaaac agttattaa tgttaaaaa 
gagtaaata taaaaattg caactaaat aaaaaaaga 
ttggtgata ttgtcaaat gtaggataa taatgttga 
cacgcaagt tgtatatat tatattgta taattttta 
ttatattac aaaatacct acctaagta tctactgaa 
ttttaatga tttcaaata caatattgt atagtttta 
tttagcata agacaaggt acttttatt atatagttt 
attgtaata ttttgtctt tacaaaaat atgacatga 
ataaaatta tttgtgtta t

    If you use iBeetle-Base, please cite: Dönitz J et al.: Expanded and updated data and a query pipeline for iBeetle-Base,
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D831-D835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx984.

    The data is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY) CC-BY