Status
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Gene information
General information
TC031462
Former TC numbers

If one gene is splitted or genes are merged, the original TC numbers are listed. One listed former TC number indicates the previous gene has be splitted, serveral former TC number represents a merged gene.

TC004700 		Gene

The sequence from the iB fragment is matched against the genes from the official gene set. The matche(s) is/are visualizied in a genome browser.

NC_007416.3: 34379..38609
Sequence information
Transcripts / Proteins (1) Get mRNA sequence
Get CDS sequence
Get protein sequence
Ortholog information (from OrthoDB)

The information about the homolog genes in Drosophila is provided by OrthoDB http://www.orthodb.org/. The homologs are sorted according to their similarity score. For an orthology statement additional analysis are required.
The data basis for the orthologs is OrthoDB v9 containing OGS3 for Tribolium castaneum and 2015_04 (r6.07) for Drosophila melanogaster.

Closest fly homologs
      		TC031462
      Gene ontology

      GO terms for Tribolium

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      There are no GO terms for Tribolium at the moment. You can help the community by providing some GO terms for this gene.


      GO terms for the homologous Drosophila genes

      Assign a GO term to this Tribolium gene by filling in the fields. Repeat to add several GO terms. Search AmiGO for the correct GO ID. Use only the most specific term - use "graph views" to browse related terms ("child terms" are more specific; the more general "parent" terms will be automatically linked). Only information based on Tribolium data should be entered - do not define terms just based on Drosophila knowledge. We will review this information and submit the annotation to the Gene Ontology consortium.


      Gene
      {{ goGene }}
      The Tribolium gene the GO term is assigned to.
      GO ID *
      {{ blurIdResult }}
      The ID of the GO term you assign to the gene. Please enter only the ID of the GO term with proceeding 'GO:'. This information is mandatory.
      Evidence
      {{ blurEvidenceResult }}
      The evidence code describes with which method the function or location, expressed by the GO term, was show for this gene. Please refer to this page for a definition of the evidence code and a decision tree.
      Reference *
      {{ blurReferenceResult }}
      The reference where the function or location is described for the gene. Please enter a PubMed ID. This information is mandatory.
      Quotation
      If you paste here the relevant section of the reference it is for us a great help to review your annotation. The quotation may be also be displayed to the users of iBeetle-Base.
      Name
      You may enter your name. The contact information can help us to clarify any questions. If you agree, we may show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
      Email
      We will use your email address only for possible questions regarding this annotation. We will never show your address or give it away.
      Publish name
      If you have entered your name and agree by marking the checkbox. we might show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
        {{ unavailableText }}

      * : mandatory fields
      For help on how to submit larger datasets or non experimental data please contact us.
      iBeetle screen iB_06547

      Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

      iB sequence
      Phenotype after pupal injection
      Usually 10 injected animals

      Pupal injection procedure

      Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

      3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

      9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

      11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

      Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

      13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
      The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

      14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
      Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

      15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
      Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

      22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
      Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

      Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

      larval pantagmatic defects
      At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
      empty eggs
      Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
      strong defects
      L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
      strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
      No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
      cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
      Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
      cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
      At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
      number of eggs on slide
      affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
      For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
      total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
      Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
      inside-out
      The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
      starved
      Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
      eclosion not fulfilled
      The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
      Please see the help page for more information
      Metamorphosis and survival

      Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 60.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

      eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 3 (3 dpi)
      Days post injection

      adult lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 3 (9 dpi)
      Days post injection

      Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
      number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: < 50
       embryo/egg without visible larval cuticle in cuticle preparation - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%
      larva random constricted - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%

      legs number increased - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

      affected eggs/embryos/larvae - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
      Phenotype after larval injection
      Usually 10 injected animals

      Larval injection procedure

      Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

      11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

      16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

      19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

      22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

      41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

      Terms used in the larval injection procedure

      pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
      At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
      pupal molt not fulfilled
      The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
      eclosion not fulfilled
      The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
      starved
      Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
      Metamorphosis and survival

      Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
      Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

      iBeetle screen iB_03816

      Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

      iB sequence
      Phenotype after pupal injection
      Usually 10 injected animals

      Pupal injection procedure

      Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

      3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

      9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

      11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

      Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

      13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
      The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

      14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
      Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

      15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
      Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

      22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
      Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

      Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

      larval pantagmatic defects
      At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
      empty eggs
      Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
      strong defects
      L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
      strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
      No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
      cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
      Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
      cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
      At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
      number of eggs on slide
      affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
      For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
      total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
      Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
      inside-out
      The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
      starved
      Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
      eclosion not fulfilled
      The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
      Please see the help page for more information
      Metamorphosis and survival

      Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 40.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

      eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (3 dpi)
      Days post injection

      adult lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (9 dpi)
      Days post injection

      adult lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (11 dpi)
      Days post injection

      Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
      number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: < 20
      Phenotype after larval injection
      Usually 10 injected animals

      Larval injection procedure

      Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

      11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

      16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

      19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

      22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

      41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

      Terms used in the larval injection procedure

      pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
      At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
      pupal molt not fulfilled
      The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
      eclosion not fulfilled
      The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
      starved
      Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
      Metamorphosis and survival

      Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
      Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

      RNAi sequence
      Primers
      Left: Right:
      Protein sequence
      • >TC031462 RA
        MVSYARVVY AVLLSCITH VYTDGENIT ESCMYLYEK 
GVEAYLDNR FDACIVHFE NAIQKYRDY RKRLQNCRI 
MCKEEADLS EPLYPVDID DLLFFEKAV KNTLCIMKC 
KKAYKDNFF KFNVDKETE KLFEDLKPY EYLHICYFQ 
NKEVQKAAS AAFTYLVSY PDDKIMSAN LKYYSSMSG 
VDMTEVVNF EAKDYVYLY VHGVDAYER KDWDGVVDN 
MEESLAAYL QADEECRAQ CEGPFDQGW YPDFVPSIA 
NHFTYCLKC KQKCKTKLS SLNGEKHDD LLPSHYHYL 
QFAYFKKGN LKAACAAVS SYLLFYPED ETMVENKKF 
YSKLPKFSE DFLAPRAEA LHYVQRHTY EQRILKFIV 
HEYKFDVST ELTSEVVPR ATLLE
      CDS sequence
      • >TC031462 RA
        atggtgtcg tacgcacgt gtagtttac gcagttttg 
ttgagttgt ataacacat gtgtacaca gacggcgaa 
aacataacc gaatcgtgc atgtatttg tacgaaaaa 
ggtgtcgag gcgtacttg gacaatcga ttcgacgcg 
tgtattgtt catttcgaa aatgcgata cagaaatat 
agggactac aggaaaaga ctccaaaac tgtcggatt 
atgtgcaag gaggaagcg gacttgtcg gaaccgctt 
tatccggtc gatatcgac gatctgttg tttttcgaa 
aaggcggtc aaaaacacg ctgtgcatc atgaagtgc 
aaaaaggcc tacaaagac aattttttc aaatttaac 
gtcgataaa gagactgaa aagctcttc gaggacctg 
aagccctac gagtacttg cacatctgc tactttcag 
aataaggaa gtacaaaag gccgcatct gccgctttc 
acgtattta gtctcatat cccgacgat aaaataatg 
tcagctaat ctgaaatac tactcttcc atgagcgga 
gtcgacatg acggaagta gtgaatttc gaagccaaa 
gattacgtt tatttgtac gtccacggt gtggacgcg 
tacgagagg aaagactgg gacggggtt gtggacaac 
atggaagaa tcactcgcg gcttatctc caagccgac 
gaggaatgc agggcacag tgcgaaggg ccctttgac 
cagggctgg tacccagac tttgtcccg tcaattgcc 
aaccatttc acctactgt ctcaaatgt aagcaaaag 
tgcaaaacg aaactgagc tcgctcaat ggggaaaaa 
cacgacgat ctgctcccc agccactac cactacttg 
caatttgca tatttcaaa aagggtaat ttaaaagcg 
gcgtgtgca gctgtgtct agttattta ttgttttac 
ccagaggac gaaacaatg gtcgaaaat aagaaattt 
tacagtaaa ttaccgaag ttcagcgag gattttctc 
gcacccaga gccgaagcg ctacactac gtccagaga 
cacacctac gaacagagg atcctcaaa ttcattgtg 
cacgaatac aaatttgac gtttccacg gaacttacg 
tctgaggta gtacctagg gccacactt cttgagtag
      mRNA sequence
      • >TC031462 RA
        ctcagtttg acttagcca tggtgtcgt acgcacgtg 
tagtttacg cagttttgt tgagttgta taacacatg 
tgtacacag acggcgaaa acataaccg aatcgtgca 
tgtatttgt acgaaaaag gtgtcgagg cgtacttgg 
acaatcgat tcgacgcgt gtattgttc atttcgaaa 
atgcgatac agaaatata gggactaca ggaaaagac 
tccaaaact gtcggatta tgtgcaagg aggaagcgg 
acttgtcgg aaccgcttt atccggtcg atatcgacg 
atctgttgt ttttcgaaa aggcggtca aaaacacgc 
tgtgcatca tgaagtgca aaaaggcct acaaagaca 
attttttca aatttaacg tcgataaag agactgaaa 
agctcttcg aggacctga agccctacg agtacttgc 
acatctgct actttcaga ataaggaag tacaaaagg 
ccgcatctg ccgctttca cgtatttag tctcatatc 
ccgacgata aaataatgt cagctaatc tgaaatact 
actcttcca tgagcggag tcgacatga cggaagtag 
tgaatttcg aagccaaag attacgttt atttgtacg 
tccacggtg tggacgcgt acgagagga aagactggg 
acggggttg tggacaaca tggaagaat cactcgcgg 
cttatctcc aagccgacg aggaatgca gggcacagt 
gcgaagggc cctttgacc agggctggt acccagact 
ttgtcccgt caattgcca accatttca cctactgtc 
tcaaatgta agcaaaagt gcaaaacga aactgagct 
cgctcaatg gggaaaaac acgacgatc tgctcccca 
gccactacc actacttgc aatttgcat atttcaaaa 
agggtaatt taaaagcgg cgtgtgcag ctgtgtcta 
gttatttat tgttttacc cagaggacg aaacaatgg 
tcgaaaata agaaatttt acagtaaat taccgaagt 
tcagcgagg attttctcg cacccagag ccgaagcgc 
tacactacg tccagagac acacctacg aacagagga 
tcctcaaat tcattgtgc acgaataca aatttgacg 
tttccacgg aacttacgt ctgaggtag tacctaggg 
ccacacttc ttgagtaga atgacagca cttcatcct 
caaacatgc ttgggattt acattcgca aagtttctt 
tctaacatt cttatgttt gtggatgtt tgtacaggt 
acttcattt ttttaataa acgatttgt ttgatt

      If you use iBeetle-Base, please cite: Dönitz J et al.: Expanded and updated data and a query pipeline for iBeetle-Base,
      Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D831-D835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx984.

      The data is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY) CC-BY