Status
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Gene information
General information
TC031558
Former TC numbers

If one gene is splitted or genes are merged, the original TC numbers are listed. One listed former TC number indicates the previous gene has be splitted, serveral former TC number represents a merged gene.

TC004602 		Gene

The sequence from the iB fragment is matched against the genes from the official gene set. The matche(s) is/are visualizied in a genome browser.

NC_007416.3: 6746834..6764443
Sequence information
Transcripts / Proteins (1) Get mRNA sequence
Get CDS sequence
Get protein sequence
Ortholog information (from OrthoDB)

The information about the homolog genes in Drosophila is provided by OrthoDB http://www.orthodb.org/. The homologs are sorted according to their similarity score. For an orthology statement additional analysis are required.
The data basis for the orthologs is OrthoDB v9 containing OGS3 for Tribolium castaneum and 2015_04 (r6.07) for Drosophila melanogaster.

Closest fly homologs
    		TC031558
    Gene ontology

    GO terms for Tribolium

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    There are no GO terms for Tribolium at the moment. You can help the community by providing some GO terms for this gene.


    GO terms for the homologous Drosophila genes

    Assign a GO term to this Tribolium gene by filling in the fields. Repeat to add several GO terms. Search AmiGO for the correct GO ID. Use only the most specific term - use "graph views" to browse related terms ("child terms" are more specific; the more general "parent" terms will be automatically linked). Only information based on Tribolium data should be entered - do not define terms just based on Drosophila knowledge. We will review this information and submit the annotation to the Gene Ontology consortium.


    Gene
    {{ goGene }}
    The Tribolium gene the GO term is assigned to.
    GO ID *
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    The ID of the GO term you assign to the gene. Please enter only the ID of the GO term with proceeding 'GO:'. This information is mandatory.
    Evidence
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    The evidence code describes with which method the function or location, expressed by the GO term, was show for this gene. Please refer to this page for a definition of the evidence code and a decision tree.
    Reference *
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    The reference where the function or location is described for the gene. Please enter a PubMed ID. This information is mandatory.
    Quotation
    If you paste here the relevant section of the reference it is for us a great help to review your annotation. The quotation may be also be displayed to the users of iBeetle-Base.
    Name
    You may enter your name. The contact information can help us to clarify any questions. If you agree, we may show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
    Email
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    Publish name
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    * : mandatory fields
    For help on how to submit larger datasets or non experimental data please contact us.
    iBeetle screen iB_03797

    Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

    iB sequence
    Phenotype after pupal injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Pupal injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

    3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

    9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

    11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

    Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

    13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
    The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

    14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
    Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

    15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
    Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

    22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
    Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

    Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

    larval pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    empty eggs
    Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
    strong defects
    L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
    strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
    No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
    cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
    Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
    cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
    At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
    number of eggs on slide
    affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
    For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
    total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
    Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
    inside-out
    The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    Please see the help page for more information
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 50.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

    eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (3 dpi)
    Days post injection

    adult lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 3 (9 dpi)
    Days post injection

    Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: < 20
    Phenotype after larval injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Larval injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

    11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

    16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

    19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

    22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

    41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

    Terms used in the larval injection procedure

    pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    pupal molt not fulfilled
    The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
    Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

    RNAi sequence
    Primers
    Left: Right:
    Protein sequence
    • >TC031558 RA
      MDSTNSNED GRASVEPAG AASGPLSGN CVSARQSPK 
VCVPTPTPN LPTHRNSTS PSLPRKIIS RNHNNTIFQ 
TSYPTNLAE LQLYRVMQN ASLLVYYDT LLEMGGDDV 
QQLCDAGEE EFLEIMSLV GMASKPLHV RRLQKSLQE 
WVTNPAKFK LPLVPGEDF EVELSSPRV TSNHGFYSV 
DSGDNCRTI YSPSPGDVC ALPPIASPG LTLNKRQIS 
GSSIAPNHF VASRPYSPL DPSCPPSSS SSPGSSMTQ 
TTPTLVDSQ IAKLAAAAE RLSKHLPQF EPKAHNTKK 
KVCKELELV MSMPENDPR RMDEIRRYA AIYGRFDCK 
RKPEKPLTL HEVSVNEAA AQICRFIPA LLTRRDELF 
PLARQVVKD SGCYYSKTQ LSTMYMNKG LGQDKDILD 
ARCSPRISD MEGPLAKKP KIEANSDGD EQRQVSQQN 
RQKPTTHII VNLED
    CDS sequence
    • >TC031558 RA
      atggactcg acgaacagc aacgaggac ggcagagcg 
agtgttgaa cccgccgga gccgcttcc gggccactc 
tccgggaac tgtgttagc gcgagacag tcgccgaaa 
gtgtgcgtc ccgacgccg acgccgaat ttgcccaca 
caccggaac tccacctcg ccgtcgctc cctcgcaag 
atcatcagc agaaaccac aacaacaca atatttcaa 
acttcgtac ccgacgaat ttagccgaa ctgcaatta 
tacagggtg atgcaaaat gcctcgttg ttggtctac 
tacgacaca ctccttgaa atgggcggc gacgacgtc 
cagcaatta tgcgacgcc ggcgaggag gaattttta 
gaaataatg tcgctggtc ggaatggcc tcgaagccc 
ttacacgtt agacgatta cagaaatct ttacaagaa 
tgggtgaca aaccccgcc aagttcaaa ttaccctta 
gtgccagga gaagacttc gaagtggag ttatccagc 
ccccgagtg acgagcaac cacggcttt tactcggta 
gacagtggc gataactgc cgaacgatt tactcgccc 
tctcctggc gatgtgtgt gccttaccc ccgatcgca 
agccccgga cttaccctg aacaaaagg caaataagc 
ggttcgagt attgcgcca aatcatttc gttgcttcc 
aggccttat tcaccactt gacccttcc tgtccccct 
tcttctagt tcgagtcct ggcagtagc atgacgcag 
acaacaccc actttggtc gactcacaa attgccaaa 
ctagcagcc gccgccgaa agactgagc aaacacttg 
ccccaattt gaaccaaaa gcgcacaac accaagaaa 
aaggtctgc aaggagcta gagttggta atgtctatg 
ccggagaac gacccgcgc cgcatggac gaaattcgt 
cgttatgcg gcgatttac ggccgtttc gattgcaaa 
cgaaaacca gaaaagcct ttaaccctg catgaagtg 
tcagtgaac gaagccgcg gcgcaaatt tgccgattt 
attcccgct ttattgaca cgaagggac gaactgttc 
cctctagca cgacaagtc gtcaaagat tccgggtgt 
tactactcc aaaacgcag ttatcgacc atgtacatg 
aataagggc ctgggccaa gataaggat atcttggac 
gcgagatgc agtccgcga attagtgat atggagggc 
cctttggcc aaaaagccg aaaattgag gcgaactcg 
gatggcgat gagcagcgc caggtcagc caacaaaac 
agacaaaaa cccaccaca cacattatt gttaattta 
gaagactaa
    mRNA sequence
    • >TC031558 RA
      cgtctgtag tggggacag gccgcgctc tcacactat 
gggagaggg agaaaaata aactaaaat cgccaggtt 
tgctgcagt tgtggttcg gacggttcg gaagttgca 
atctgcaca agtctacct catttagtt tcctcgttt 
tatgttaat caaaaccga aatcgaaat atttgatgg 
tgtgtgaaa tggactcga cgaacagca acgaggacg 
gcagagcga gtgttgaac ccgccggag ccgcttccg 
ggccactct ccgggaact gtgttagcg cgagacagt 
cgccgaaag tgtgcgtcc cgacgccga cgccgaatt 
tgcccacac accggaact ccacctcgc cgtcgctcc 
ctcgcaaga tcatcagca gaaaccaca acaacacaa 
tatttcaaa cttcgtacc cgacgaatt tagccgaac 
tgcaattat acagggtga tgcaaaatg cctcgttgt 
tggtctact acgacacac tccttgaaa tgggcggcg 
acgacgtcc agcaattat gcgacgccg gcgaggagg 
aatttttag aaataatgt cgctggtcg gaatggcct 
cgaagccct tacacgtta gacgattac agaaatctt 
tacaagaat gggtgacaa accccgcca agttcaaat 
tacccttag tgccaggag aagacttcg aagtggagt 
tatccagcc cccgagtga cgagcaacc acggctttt 
actcggtag acagtggcg ataactgcc gaacgattt 
actcgccct ctcctggcg atgtgtgtg ccttacccc 
cgatcgcaa gccccggac ttaccctga acaaaaggc 
aaataagcg gttcgagta ttgcgccaa atcatttcg 
ttgcttcca ggccttatt caccacttg acccttcct 
gtccccctt cttctagtt cgagtcctg gcagtagca 
tgacgcaga caacaccca ctttggtcg actcacaaa 
ttgccaaac tagcagccg ccgccgaaa gactgagca 
aacacttgc cccaatttg aaccaaaag cgcacaaca 
ccaagaaaa aggtctgca aggagctag agttggtaa 
tgtctatgc cggagaacg acccgcgcc gcatggacg 
aaattcgtc gttatgcgg cgatttacg gccgtttcg 
attgcaaac gaaaaccag aaaagcctt taaccctgc 
atgaagtgt cagtgaacg aagccgcgg cgcaaattt 
gccgattta ttcccgctt tattgacac gaagggacg 
aactgttcc ctctagcac gacaagtcg tcaaagatt 
ccgggtgtt actactcca aaacgcagt tatcgacca 
tgtacatga ataagggcc tgggccaag ataaggata 
tcttggacg cgagatgca gtccgcgaa ttagtgata 
tggagggcc ctttggcca aaaagccga aaattgagg 
cgaactcgg atggcgatg agcagcgcc aggtcagcc 
aacaaaaca gacaaaaac ccaccacac acattattg 
ttaatttag aagactaat gacgtttta ggaacttaa 
tgcttttgc ttcggtgct tttgagctt tatgtttta 
ttatttgca gcatggctt gcttattta cagctcaca 
aaagtcgaa tgttttcga cgcaaacaa cacgtgata 
atccatgtt tatatttat aagttagct ttgatttgt 
acgcttgaa gacgtttgt aattagtct cacctttct 
agtcattgt aatgatgca aagtgaagc aaacagttt 
acatgtatt tgcttccct ttgtgttct ttcgcaata 
aaatgcttt atcgata

    If you use iBeetle-Base, please cite: Dönitz J et al.: Expanded and updated data and a query pipeline for iBeetle-Base,
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D831-D835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx984.

    The data is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY) CC-BY