Status
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Gene information
General information
TC032451
Former TC numbers

If one gene is splitted or genes are merged, the original TC numbers are listed. One listed former TC number indicates the previous gene has be splitted, serveral former TC number represents a merged gene.

TC003633,TC003634 		Gene

The sequence from the iB fragment is matched against the genes from the official gene set. The matche(s) is/are visualizied in a genome browser.

NC_007418.3: 9886614..9921178
Sequence information
Transcripts / Proteins (1) Get mRNA sequence
Get CDS sequence
Get protein sequence
Ortholog information (from OrthoDB)

The information about the homolog genes in Drosophila is provided by OrthoDB http://www.orthodb.org/. The homologs are sorted according to their similarity score. For an orthology statement additional analysis are required.
The data basis for the orthologs is OrthoDB v9 containing OGS3 for Tribolium castaneum and 2015_04 (r6.07) for Drosophila melanogaster.

Closest fly homologs
    		TC032451
    Gene ontology

    GO terms for Tribolium

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    There are no GO terms for Tribolium at the moment. You can help the community by providing some GO terms for this gene.


    GO terms for the homologous Drosophila genes

    Assign a GO term to this Tribolium gene by filling in the fields. Repeat to add several GO terms. Search AmiGO for the correct GO ID. Use only the most specific term - use "graph views" to browse related terms ("child terms" are more specific; the more general "parent" terms will be automatically linked). Only information based on Tribolium data should be entered - do not define terms just based on Drosophila knowledge. We will review this information and submit the annotation to the Gene Ontology consortium.


    Gene
    {{ goGene }}
    The Tribolium gene the GO term is assigned to.
    GO ID *
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    The ID of the GO term you assign to the gene. Please enter only the ID of the GO term with proceeding 'GO:'. This information is mandatory.
    Evidence
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    The evidence code describes with which method the function or location, expressed by the GO term, was show for this gene. Please refer to this page for a definition of the evidence code and a decision tree.
    Reference *
    {{ blurReferenceResult }}
    The reference where the function or location is described for the gene. Please enter a PubMed ID. This information is mandatory.
    Quotation
    If you paste here the relevant section of the reference it is for us a great help to review your annotation. The quotation may be also be displayed to the users of iBeetle-Base.
    Name
    You may enter your name. The contact information can help us to clarify any questions. If you agree, we may show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
    Email
    We will use your email address only for possible questions regarding this annotation. We will never show your address or give it away.
    Publish name
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    * : mandatory fields
    For help on how to submit larger datasets or non experimental data please contact us.
    iBeetle screen iB_03595

    Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

    iB sequence
    Phenotype after pupal injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Pupal injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

    3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

    9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

    11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

    Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

    13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
    The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

    14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
    Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

    15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
    Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

    22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
    Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

    Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

    larval pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    empty eggs
    Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
    strong defects
    L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
    strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
    No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
    cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
    Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
    cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
    At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
    number of eggs on slide
    affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
    For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
    total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
    Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
    inside-out
    The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    Please see the help page for more information
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 10.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

    adult lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (9 dpi)
    Days post injection

    Fertility
    mature egg deposition blocked number 1st lateral oviduct: >5 number 2nd lateral oviduct: 3 - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1
    vitellarium shortened - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 3

    mature egg not present - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 3
    vitellogenic egg chamber not present - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 3
    previtellogenic egg chamber stage sequence irregular - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 3

    Analysis of embryonic musculature and early development
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: < 20 embryo/egg not developed/not fertilized - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
    affected eggs/embryos/larvae total percentage of affected eggs/embryos/larvae on slide - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
    Phenotype after larval injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Larval injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

    11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

    16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

    19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

    22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

    41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

    Terms used in the larval injection procedure

    pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    pupal molt not fulfilled
    The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: 90.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
    Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: 100.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

    eclosion not fulfilled (died as pupa) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 9 (11 dpi)
    Days post injection

    eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (16 dpi)
    Days post injection

    Pupal morphology
    wings not closed - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 10

    RNAi sequence
    Primers
    Left: Right:
    Protein sequence
    • >TC032451 RA
      MSQFGFRAS PNTQSAVSS GPSQPSPPP SSMAVTSSA 
PTPGSPPAP SQRCCDTGR PLFTDPLTG QSVCSCQYE 
LLGYQRLAG GVPGLPALS MYSAPYPEG MAAYFPALG 
ADQAPFYTS TAAGLELKE NLAAGAATW PYPSVYHPY 
DTAFAGYPF NGYGMDLNG ARRKNATRE TTSTLKAWL 
NEHKKNPYP TKGEKIMLA IITKMTLTQ VSTWFANAR 
RRLKKENKM TWEPRNRVE DEDNNNDDD DHKSTDGKD 
ILDSKDSGT ASSEDGDRP PHSRLAPDT ASEWSESRP 
DSGPDSPEC YERPPHPAF LPPRSSGSP PQISASVSS 
KPRIWSLAD MASKESDGP PPSTASSLY STAASRLRL 
PPPGLHTAP YARPHDFYR SLYGPGMAG SGSPDASLL 
ETYSRTLAG QSVLTKANL ATATSIASN GPLGLTTSS 
RLSPSSTSS LSSGSETPL KPVALNKA
    CDS sequence
    • >TC032451 RA
      atgtcccag tttggcttc cgagcatcg ccgaatact 
cagagtgca gtatcgtcg ggacctagt cagccttca 
cctcctcct tcaagcatg gcagtaacc tcttcggct 
ccaactccg ggaagtccg cccgctccg tctcaaaga 
tgctgtgat accggcaga cctcttttc accgacccg 
ctaaccggt caaagtgtg tgctcgtgt cagtatgaa 
cttttagga tatcaaaga ttagccggc ggagtcccg 
ggcctcccg gccctctcc atgtacagc gcgccctat 
cccgaagga atggcggcc tacttccca gcgctgggg 
gccgaccaa gcccccttc tacacttcg acggctgcc 
ggtttagaa ttgaaagaa aacttggca gcgggggct 
gcgacatgg ccctaccct tccgtttat catccctat 
gataccgcc ttcgcagga tatccattt aatggatat 
gggatggat ctcaatggt gcgcgtcga aaaaacgcc 
accagagaa acgaccagt acactcaag gcatggctt 
aacgaacac aaaaagaac ccgtatcca accaaaggc 
gaaaaaatt atgttggcc attattaca aaaatgacc 
ttgacgcag gtctcgacg tggttcgcg aacgcgcgg 
aggcgactc aagaaggag aacaagatg acgtgggag 
ccgcgaaac agagtcgaa gatgaggac aacaacaac 
gacgatgac gaccacaag agcacagac ggcaaagac 
attctagat tctaaagat tcgggcacc gcgtccagc 
gaagacggc gaccgacca ccgcattcg cgtctcgct 
ccggacaca gcgagcgaa tggagcgaa tcgcgcccc 
gatagcggc ccggacagc cccgagtgc tacgagcgc 
ccccctcac cccgccttc ctgccgccg cgctcgtcc 
ggctctccg ccgcagatc tcggcgtcc gtgagctcc 
aagccccgg atttggtcg ttggccgac atggccagc 
aaggagagc gacggtccg ccgccgtct accgcctcc 
tcgctatac tccacggcg gcgagccgc ctccgcttg 
ccgcccccg ggcctccac accgccccc tacgcccgc 
ccgcacgac ttctaccgg agtctgtac gggcctggg 
atggccggc agcggctct cccgacgcc tctctcctc 
gaaacgtac tccaggacc ctcgccggg cagtcggtg 
ctgacgaag gcgaatctg gcgacggcc acgtccatt 
gcgagcaat ggccccttg gggctgacc acgagttcg 
cggctgtcg ccgtcgtcg acgtcgtcg ctgtcgtcc 
ggctcggag acgcccttg aagccggtg gcgctgaat 
aaggcttga
    mRNA sequence
    • >TC032451 RA
      ctgcgcttg tgttgtgtg atcgcgaca atttgtcgc 
cgttaaaag aattccgtg acatcagta gtcgcgttc 
tgtcggtgg caaaaacag gactcgtcg gagacgccg 
accgcagcc ccctcccac tgccccact ccgctccac 
ccactgggc agactcgca aaaatccga ccgaaagaa 
gcccaggcc gaccgcaat tatcacctg gtgcaccga 
cgttacggt agcggcgct accggattt ttcgcgacg 
cggacacgt ggcgctagt tgatgtgag tggtgagga 
cggacggac gaccaccga atctatttc ttcttgttg 
ctgtgacct agtgcgggt gtgcaggaa gccatgctt 
cctttggcg acgactcag tgagtgcag cagcgactg 
ggacacaca ccatgtccc agtttggct tccgagcat 
cgccgaata ctcagagtg cagtatcgt cgggaccta 
gtcagcctt cacctcctc cttcaagca tggcagtaa 
cctcttcgg ctccaactc cgggaagtc cgcccgctc 
cgtctcaaa gatgctgtg ataccggca gacctcttt 
tcaccgacc cgctaaccg gtcaaagtg tgtgctcgt 
gtcagtatg aacttttag gatatcaaa gattagccg 
gcggagtcc cgggcctcc cggccctct ccatgtaca 
gcgcgccct atcccgaag gaatggcgg cctacttcc 
cagcgctgg gggccgacc aagccccct tctacactt 
cgacggctg ccggtttag aattgaaag aaaacttgg 
cagcggggg ctgcgacat ggccctacc cttccgttt 
atcatccct atgataccg ccttcgcag gatatccat 
ttaatggat atgggatgg atctcaatg gtgcgcgtc 
gaaaaaacg ccaccagag aaacgacca gtacactca 
aggcatggc ttaacgaac acaaaaaga acccgtatc 
caaccaaag gcgaaaaaa ttatgttgg ccattatta 
caaaaatga ccttgacgc aggtctcga cgtggttcg 
cgaacgcgc ggaggcgac tcaagaagg agaacaaga 
tgacgtggg agccgcgaa acagagtcg aagatgagg 
acaacaaca acgacgatg acgaccaca agagcacag 
acggcaaag acattctag attctaaag attcgggca 
ccgcgtcca gcgaagacg gcgaccgac caccgcatt 
cgcgtctcg ctccggaca cagcgagcg aatggagcg 
aatcgcgcc ccgatagcg gcccggaca gccccgagt 
gctacgagc gcccccctc accccgcct tcctgccgc 
cgcgctcgt ccggctctc cgccgcaga tctcggcgt 
ccgtgagct ccaagcccc ggatttggt cgttggccg 
acatggcca gcaaggaga gcgacggtc cgccgccgt 
ctaccgcct cctcgctat actccacgg cggcgagcc 
gcctccgct tgccgcccc cgggcctcc acaccgccc 
cctacgccc gcccgcacg acttctacc ggagtctgt 
acgggcctg ggatggccg gcagcggct ctcccgacg 
cctctctcc tcgaaacgt actccagga ccctcgccg 
ggcagtcgg tgctgacga aggcgaatc tggcgacgg 
ccacgtcca ttgcgagca atggcccct tggggctga 
ccacgagtt cgcggctgt cgccgtcgt cgacgtcgt 
cgctgtcgt ccggctcgg agacgccct tgaagccgg 
tggcgctga ataaggctt gacctacga ccgttgtgg 
cgggtttgt ggccctgat ctacctcgg cagtgtgca 
tgatgacca atgtggaca ataacggac gcaaattcc 
cgtagtgtg ctgtacagt caatgtgat atatacctt 
tcggttcct tagtttacg gtccagggt ctttagatg 
ttgaaattc taggatttt tgctctctt ttggtccca 
gtctctaga ggcgctgga ccgttccgg cgccttagt 
tcgttctct tgtaaataa agtgactgc catcggcag 
cagtataaa aacttgtat ctatgtatg tacctagcc 
tagacccat aagcagata tttgttatt ataatgtgt 
actattaag aacaatata cattcaaaa ccgtacgtg 
gaaattaac tatactgta ttcattgta ctacaggat 
cttccctct acaccgcac attacaact atggtggta 
agtctaaca aaaaaattg attcatctc aaaacttgc 
atacgggct taattcata taaataagt ccgttttaa 
tggaaatat tttaagatg gtcgcaatc ttttgttct 
tttaagtag aaagtcata tttttttaa aagtttaga 
atttgtcca aaatgtttg gaagattgt taactaatt 
ttctcaatt gtgagtgta cctaccaaa ggaaatatt 
tattttttt tccaaatgc ctttaatgc ctgtatatg 
atttcatca tactcagtt attgatttt tgaaaaggc 
aggtctaag tccaactg

    If you use iBeetle-Base, please cite: Dönitz J et al.: Expanded and updated data and a query pipeline for iBeetle-Base,
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D831-D835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx984.

    The data is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY) CC-BY