Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.
Usually 10 injected animals
Terms used in the pupal injection procedure
- larval pantagmatic defects
- At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
- empty eggs
- Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
- strong defects
- L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
- strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
- No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
- cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
- Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
- cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
- At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
- number of eggs on slide
- affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed. - total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
- Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
- inside-out
- The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
- starved
- Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
- eclosion not fulfilled
- The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: > 50
embryo/egg with muscle fluorescence/pattern, but not hatched (pot. late embryonic lethality) -
Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
larval musculature partially not present - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%
affected eggs/embryos/larvae total percentage of affected eggs/embryos/larvae on slide - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
larval musculature partially not present - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%
affected eggs/embryos/larvae total percentage of affected eggs/embryos/larvae on slide - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: > 50
larva bristle completenot present - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
larva appendages distal irregular - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
larva cuticle cuticularisation decreased - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
antenna antennal flagellum not present - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
antenna elongated - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
maxillary palp structure irregular - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
labium distal structure irregular - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
legs pretarsus shape rounded - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
legs tibiotarsus elongated - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
urogomphi mostly not present - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%
affected eggs/embryos/larvae total percentage of affected eggs/embryos/larvae on slide - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
larva bristle completenot present - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
larva appendages distal irregular - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
larva cuticle cuticularisation decreased - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
antenna antennal flagellum not present - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
antenna elongated - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
maxillary palp structure irregular - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
labium distal structure irregular - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
legs pretarsus shape rounded - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
legs tibiotarsus elongated - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
urogomphi mostly not present - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%
affected eggs/embryos/larvae total percentage of affected eggs/embryos/larvae on slide - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: 70.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: 100.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)
pupal molt delayed (still larva) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (11 dpi)
pupal molt not fulfilled (died with pupal and larval features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 5 (11 dpi)
pupal molt delayed (still larva) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (16 dpi)
eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (16 dpi)
larva lethality late (L7) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (19 dpi)
remarks: later than schedule,
If you use iBeetle-Base, please cite: Dönitz J et al.: Expanded and updated data and a query pipeline for iBeetle-Base,
Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D831-D835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx984.
The data is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY)
