Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.
Usually 10 injected animals
Terms used in the pupal injection procedure
- larval pantagmatic defects
- At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
- empty eggs
- Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
- strong defects
- L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
- strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
- No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
- cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
- Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
- cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
- At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
- number of eggs on slide
- affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed. - total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
- Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
- inside-out
- The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
- starved
- Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
- eclosion not fulfilled
- The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
vitellarium not present -
Number of animals showing the phenotype: 4
tropharium shortened - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 4
tropharium rounded - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 4
egg chamber not present - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 4
tropharium structure irregular - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 4
tropharium shortened - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 4
tropharium rounded - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 4
egg chamber not present - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 4
tropharium structure irregular - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 4
Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: 0.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: 100.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)
| Comment: died with pupal and adult features |
adult lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 6 (19 dpi)
eyes size decreased -
Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
antenna size shortened - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
head bristle mostlynot present - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
labrum size decreased - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
labial palp broader - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
longitudinal dorsal thoracic muscles fluorescence decreased -
Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
oblique dorsal thoracic muscles thinner - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
oblique dorsal thoracic muscles size shortened - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
abdomen gin-traps not present - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
abdomen gin-trap setae not present - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
female genital lobes size decreased - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
antenna size shortened - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
head bristle mostlynot present - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
labrum size decreased - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
labial palp broader - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
| Comment: labial palps distance broader |
oblique dorsal thoracic muscles thinner - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
oblique dorsal thoracic muscles size shortened - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
abdomen gin-traps not present - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
abdomen gin-trap setae not present - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
female genital lobes size decreased - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
funicle number decreased -
Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
club fused - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
antenna shortened - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
eyes size decreased - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 6
legs tibia thinner - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 6
legs pretarsus decreased - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 6
club fused - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
| Comment: the 3 segments of the club seems to be fused |
antenna shortened - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
eyes size decreased - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 6
legs tibia thinner - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 6
legs pretarsus decreased - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 6
| Comment: no pretarsal claws |
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