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Gene information
General information
TC000111 Gene

The sequence from the iB fragment is matched against the genes from the official gene set. The matche(s) is/are visualizied in a genome browser.

scaffold_seqid16: 6477944..6478898
Sequence information
Transcripts / Proteins (1) Get mRNA sequence
Get CDS sequence
Get protein sequence
Ortholog information (from OrthoDB)

The information about the homolog genes in Drosophila is provided by OrthoDB http://www.orthodb.org/. The homologs are sorted according to their similarity score. For an orthology statement additional analysis are required.
The data basis for the orthologs is OrthoDB v9 containing OGS3 for Tribolium castaneum and 2015_04 (r6.07) for Drosophila melanogaster.

Closest fly homologs
    		TC000111
    iBeetle screen iB_02976
    iB sequence
    Phenotype after pupal injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Pupal injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

    3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

    9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

    11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

    Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

    13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
    The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

    14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
    Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

    15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
    Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

    22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
    Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

    Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

    larval pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    empty eggs
    Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
    strong defects
    L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
    strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
    No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
    cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
    Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
    cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
    At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
    number of eggs on slide
    affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
    For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
    total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
    Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
    inside-out
    The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    Please see the help page for more information
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 0.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

    Analysis of embryonic musculature and early development
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: > 50 embryo/egg with embryonic tissue, no cuticle, no fluorescence - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    larval musculature irregular - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    affected eggs/embryos/larvae - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%
    remarks: muscle pattern potentially obscured by segmentation defect,
    Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: < 50
     larva everted (inside-out) - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    affected eggs/embryos/larvae - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%
    Phenotype after larval injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Larval injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

    11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

    16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

    19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

    22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

    41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

    Terms used in the larval injection procedure

    pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    pupal molt not fulfilled
    The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
    Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

    RNAi sequence
    Primers
    Left: Right:
    Protein sequence
    • >TC000111 RA
      MVSGKEFRS SLRKPLPGA PRHKTCRIV PAFTIQALQ 
KGTCVVPPP RCNALKEQP PRPTNFRTN YKRGDFPIA 
LEANGKRIS WKADINKLD YHHYLPMFF EGLCETENP 
YKAFAQQGI HDMLTYGGP KIFPCIPQL IIPIKNALN 
TKNKQVMCS TLRVLQHLV KSGDMVGEA LVPYYRQIL 
PVLNLFKEK NVNCGDGID YSQMRGENL ADIINDTLE 
TLERYGGED AFINIKYLI PTYESCMMN
    CDS sequence
    • >TC000111 RA
      atggttagt ggcaaagaa tttcgctct tctttacgc 
aaaccacta cccggagcc ccccgacac aaaacctgt 
cgcatcgtt ccggccttc acgatccaa gctctacaa 
aaaggtaca tgtgttgtc cctccgccc cgctgcaat 
gcccttaag gagcagccc cccagaccg accaacttc 
cgaacgaac tacaaacgc ggggatttc cccatcgca 
ttggaagcc aacggcaaa cgaatatcg tggaaagcc 
gacataaac aaactggac taccaccac tacctgccc 
atgtttttc gaggggctg tgcgagacg gaaaacccc 
tataaagcc ttcgcccaa caggggatt cacgatatg 
ttgacgtat ggcggaccg aagattttt ccatgtatt 
ccacaatta attattccg attaaaaat gctctcaat 
acgaaaaat aagcaagtc atgtgctcc accttaaga 
gtcttgcaa cacttggtc aagtcgggc gatatggtt 
ggggaggct ctggtcccc tattaccgc cagatttta 
cccgtattg aatttattt aaggaaaaa aatgtaaat 
tgtggcgac ggcattgat tatagccaa atgagaggg 
gagaactta gccgatatt attaacgat actttggaa 
acgcttgaa agatatggg ggagaagat gcgttcatt 
aacatcaaa tatctcatc ccgacatac gagtcgtgt 
atgatgaac tga
    mRNA sequence
    • >TC000111 RA
      cgacaaaac aaccgtcac ccccgacaa cacattcgc 
aaatcattt caaaattgt catattttt gttggcaat 
ggttagtgg caaagaatt tcgctcttc tttacgcaa 
accactacc cggagcccc ccgacacaa aacctgtcg 
catcgttcc ggccttcac gatccaagc tctacaaaa 
aggtacatg tgttgtccc tccgccccg ctgcaatgc 
ccttaagga gcagccccc cagaccgac caacttccg 
aacgaacta caaacgcgg ggatttccc catcgcatt 
ggaagccaa cggcaaacg aatatcgtg gaaagccga 
cataaacaa actggacta ccaccacta cctgcccat 
gtttttcga ggggctgtg cgagacgga aaaccccta 
taaagcctt cgcccaaca ggggattca cgatatgtt 
gacgtatgg cggaccgaa gatttttcc atgtattcc 
acaattaat tattccgat taaaaatgc tctcaatac 
gaaaaataa gcaagtcat gtgctccac cttaagagt 
cttgcaaca cttggtcaa gtcgggcga tatggttgg 
ggaggctct ggtccccta ttaccgcca gattttacc 
cgtattgaa tttatttaa ggaaaaaaa tgtaaattg 
tggcgacgg cattgatta tagccaaat gagagggga 
gaacttagc cgatattat taacgatac tttggaaac 
gcttgaaag atatggggg agaagatgc gttcattaa 
catcaaata tctcatccc gacatacga gtcgtgtat 
gatgaactg agcctggtt gacaaactt agtaa