Status
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Gene information
General information
TC016226 Gene

The sequence from the iB fragment is matched against the genes from the official gene set. The matche(s) is/are visualizied in a genome browser.

NC_007425.3: 4493991..4499026
Sequence information
Transcripts / Proteins (1) Get mRNA sequence
Get CDS sequence
Get protein sequence
Ortholog information (from OrthoDB)

The information about the homolog genes in Drosophila is provided by OrthoDB http://www.orthodb.org/. The homologs are sorted according to their similarity score. For an orthology statement additional analysis are required.
The data basis for the orthologs is OrthoDB v9 containing OGS3 for Tribolium castaneum and 2015_04 (r6.07) for Drosophila melanogaster.

Closest fly homologs
    		TC016226
    Gene ontology

    GO terms for Tribolium

    • {{ goTerm.term }}
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      Status: {{ goTerm.status }}
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      Quotation: {{ goTerm.quotation }}
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    There are no GO terms for Tribolium at the moment. You can help the community by providing some GO terms for this gene.


    GO terms for the homologous Drosophila genes

    Assign a GO term to this Tribolium gene by filling in the fields. Repeat to add several GO terms. Search AmiGO for the correct GO ID. Use only the most specific term - use "graph views" to browse related terms ("child terms" are more specific; the more general "parent" terms will be automatically linked). Only information based on Tribolium data should be entered - do not define terms just based on Drosophila knowledge. We will review this information and submit the annotation to the Gene Ontology consortium.


    Gene
    {{ goGene }}
    The Tribolium gene the GO term is assigned to.
    GO ID *
    {{ blurIdResult }}
    The ID of the GO term you assign to the gene. Please enter only the ID of the GO term with proceeding 'GO:'. This information is mandatory.
    Evidence
    {{ blurEvidenceResult }}
    The evidence code describes with which method the function or location, expressed by the GO term, was show for this gene. Please refer to this page for a definition of the evidence code and a decision tree.
    Reference *
    {{ blurReferenceResult }}
    The reference where the function or location is described for the gene. Please enter a PubMed ID. This information is mandatory.
    Quotation
    If you paste here the relevant section of the reference it is for us a great help to review your annotation. The quotation may be also be displayed to the users of iBeetle-Base.
    Name
    You may enter your name. The contact information can help us to clarify any questions. If you agree, we may show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
    Email
    We will use your email address only for possible questions regarding this annotation. We will never show your address or give it away.
    Publish name
    If you have entered your name and agree by marking the checkbox. we might show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
      {{ unavailableText }}

    * : mandatory fields
    For help on how to submit larger datasets or non experimental data please contact us.
    iBeetle screen iB_02561

    Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

    iB sequence
    Phenotype after pupal injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Pupal injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

    3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

    9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

    11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

    Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

    13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
    The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

    14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
    Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

    15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
    Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

    22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
    Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

    Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

    larval pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    empty eggs
    Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
    strong defects
    L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
    strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
    No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
    cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
    Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
    cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
    At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
    number of eggs on slide
    affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
    For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
    total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
    Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
    inside-out
    The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    Please see the help page for more information
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 40.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

    pupa eclosion not fulfilled (died as pupa) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (3 dpi)
    Days post injection

    eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (3 dpi)
    Days post injection

    adult lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (9 dpi)
    Days post injection

    Analysis of embryonic musculature and early development
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: < 50 embryo/egg not developed/not fertilized - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
    affected eggs/embryos/larvae - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
    Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: < 20
    Phenotype after larval injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Larval injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

    11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

    16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

    19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

    22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

    41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

    Terms used in the larval injection procedure

    pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    pupal molt not fulfilled
    The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: 80.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
    Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: 100.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

    larva lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 5 (11 dpi)
    Days post injection

    pupal molt not fulfilled (died as prepupa) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (11 dpi)
    Days post injection

    pupal molt not fulfilled (died with pupal and larval features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (11 dpi)
    Days post injection


    eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (16 dpi)
    Days post injection


    iBeetle screen iB_07142

    Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

    iB sequence
    Phenotype after pupal injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Pupal injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

    3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

    9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

    11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

    Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

    13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
    The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

    14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
    Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

    15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
    Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

    22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
    Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

    Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

    larval pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    empty eggs
    Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
    strong defects
    L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
    strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
    No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
    cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
    Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
    cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
    At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
    number of eggs on slide
    affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
    For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
    total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
    Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
    inside-out
    The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    Please see the help page for more information
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 20.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

    eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (3 dpi)
    Days post injection

    Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: < 20
    Phenotype after larval injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Larval injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

    11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

    16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

    19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

    22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

    41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

    Terms used in the larval injection procedure

    pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    pupal molt not fulfilled
    The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
    Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

    RNAi sequence
    Primers
    Left: Right:
    Protein sequence
    • >TC016226 RA
      MEGEQFSLC WNNFHSNLS SGFNSLLKD EDLVDVTLA 
AGGRFMKAH KTVLSVCSP FFKELFRAN PSKHPIVIL 
PDVNYKALC NLLQFMYQG EVSVSQEEI PMFMRVAEM 
LKVKGLTDN SSSSSSSSE SNGYTASSR IPYSFSDQR 
QIMKRPRPV KKVIKPMQP LRPIDSPKP RSPHPPPPK 
RPHIEEPPI RQEEQEFPE ALVKPKEEP LDDTESNTS 
QKFEENSLD LSTMLDTKI GESSSWQTS EIINKPQDS 
STPGTLQCI LGRRGNPRL IVDGYVFYK KSVYKGKAF 
WYCKNSRSP EKCQAVCWT MNGNIVKWP YMHTHPVIP 
DVFNPDEDT EVPIQNLQE VLWQTSYS
    CDS sequence
    • >TC016226 RA
      atggaaggc gagcagttt tctttgtgt tggaacaat 
tttcacagt aatttaagt tcggggttc aattccctg 
ctcaaggat gaggatttg gtggacgtg actttggca 
gcagggggg cgcttcatg aaggcccac aagactgtc 
ctatcggtg tgtagcccc tttttcaag gagctgttc 
agggccaac cctagcaag caccccatt gtcatcctg 
cctgatgta aattacaag gctctgtgt aatttactg 
cagtttatg taccaaggg gaggtcagt gtgagtcaa 
gaggaaata cccatgttt atgagggtg gcggagatg 
ctgaaagtc aaggggttg actgataac agctcgtct 
tcgtcctcg tcctccgaa tcaaacggc tacactgca 
tccagtcga atcccgtac agtttttcc gaccaaaga 
caaatcatg aaacgacca agacctgtc aaaaaagtg 
ataaagccc atgcagccc ctgcgacct attgacagc 
cccaaacca aggtcacct catcctccg ccccctaaa 
cggccccac attgaggag ccccctatc agacaggaa 
gaacaagag tttcctgaa gcgttagtg aagccaaag 
gaagagcct ctggatgat accgaaagt aacacttca 
caaaagttt gaagaaaat agtttagat ttgtcaacg 
atgttggat acgaaaatt ggggagtcg tcaagttgg 
caaacctcc gaaattatc aataaacct caggattcg 
tcaacacca ggcaccctg cagtgcatt ctgggaaga 
cgcggtaat ccccgtctg atcgttgat ggttacgtc 
ttttataag aagagtgtg tacaaaggc aaggcgttc 
tggtattgt aaaaacagc cgatcgccg gaaaaatgc 
caagcggtt tgttggaca atgaacgga aacattgtc 
aaatggccg tacatgcac acgcatccg gtcattccc 
gacgtgttt aacccggac gaagacact gaagttcct 
atacaaaat ttacaagaa gtattatgg cagacctcg 
tatagttaa
    mRNA sequence
    • >TC016226 RA
      caagtcgta aataattat tctgcccct tttttgttg 
ataagacat tgacataag aaaaatgac gtcacactt 
gtcttgtcc tccattttc atgatgctt gtatgatgc 
ttgaaaaaa atcggttta aattgcaaa taagtgtga 
atttgctac aagtgtgag taaaaacac ttactttcg 
cccacactt atgattatt caacaggtg taaaaatag 
ccggttaaa atggaaggc gagcagttt tctttgtgt 
tggaacaat tttcacagt aatttaagt tcggggttc 
aattccctg ctcaaggat gaggatttg gtggacgtg 
actttggca gcagggggg cgcttcatg aaggcccac 
aagactgtc ctatcggtg tgtagcccc tttttcaag 
gagctgttc agggccaac cctagcaag caccccatt 
gtcatcctg cctgatgta aattacaag gctctgtgt 
aatttactg cagtttatg taccaaggg gaggtcagt 
gtgagtcaa gaggaaata cccatgttt atgagggtg 
gcggagatg ctgaaagtc aaggggttg actgataac 
agctcgtct tcgtcctcg tcctccgaa tcaaacggc 
tacactgca tccagtcga atcccgtac agtttttcc 
gaccaaaga caaatcatg aaacgacca agacctgtc 
aaaaaagtg ataaagccc atgcagccc ctgcgacct 
attgacagc cccaaacca aggtcacct catcctccg 
ccccctaaa cggccccac attgaggag ccccctatc 
agacaggaa gaacaagag tttcctgaa gcgttagtg 
aagccaaag gaagagcct ctggatgat accgaaagt 
aacacttca caaaagttt gaagaaaat agtttagat 
ttgtcaacg atgttggat acgaaaatt ggggagtcg 
tcaagttgg caaacctcc gaaattatc aataaacct 
caggattcg tcaacacca ggcaccctg cagtgcatt 
ctgggaaga cgcggtaat ccccgtctg atcgttgat 
ggttacgtc ttttataag aagagtgtg tacaaaggc 
aaggcgttc tggtattgt aaaaacagc cgatcgccg 
gaaaaatgc caagcggtt tgttggaca atgaacgga 
aacattgtc aaatggccg tacatgcac acgcatccg 
gtcattccc gacgtgttt aacccggac gaagacact 
gaagttcct atacaaaat ttacaagaa gtattatgg 
cagacctcg tatagttaa gaagatttt ttttgtgat 
attttttgt gagtgtcaa attttagtg gtagaaaaa 
attcgatat gtagccaaa acatccagt gacgtttgt 
gagactgtt ttgtatttc tctcaattg taagttctt 
tttttaaat aaagaagtt tctaatcaa caggtggcg 
gtttgatgt tgattaaaa gtgggcgtg gccagttgg 
ttctaatcc accaaggtc atatttaca tacattgtg 
atacgaaaa ataaccgac atatgtggg tgtgtgtga 
agaagaaaa cgctcaatt gtgaaggct gtctcacga 
ccttgaacg gacccatac ttctctcgt acagtgaac 
acaaccatc cacaattac aggacgtta tacaaagac 
tgcaagtac ctagctgta gtgtgtcac ccgaactga 
tgtaacaca ccaatgcca tagttttcg gacaaagaa 
ttgttattt atttttgtt gatttatac caaatattt 
atttccgtt attttattt tctatgacg agttgggag 
tgattttat tgtttttgt tgaccagtc aggatattt 
tatttattt atttattat cgaacgttt ttgtattaa 
ttttccgtt aataaaaaa tgggaaccc ac

    If you use iBeetle-Base, please cite: Dönitz J et al.: Expanded and updated data and a query pipeline for iBeetle-Base,
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D831-D835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx984.

    The data is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY) CC-BY