Status
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Gene information
General information
TC031159
Former TC numbers

If one gene is splitted or genes are merged, the original TC numbers are listed. One listed former TC number indicates the previous gene has be splitted, serveral former TC number represents a merged gene.

TC013051,TC013049,TC013050 		Gene

The sequence from the iB fragment is matched against the genes from the official gene set. The matche(s) is/are visualizied in a genome browser.

NC_007420.3: 14733088..14737115
Sequence information
Transcripts / Proteins (1) Get mRNA sequence
Get CDS sequence
Get protein sequence
Ortholog information (from OrthoDB)

The information about the homolog genes in Drosophila is provided by OrthoDB http://www.orthodb.org/. The homologs are sorted according to their similarity score. For an orthology statement additional analysis are required.
The data basis for the orthologs is OrthoDB v9 containing OGS3 for Tribolium castaneum and 2015_04 (r6.07) for Drosophila melanogaster.

Closest fly homologs
    		TC031159
    Gene ontology

    GO terms for Tribolium

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    There are no GO terms for Tribolium at the moment. You can help the community by providing some GO terms for this gene.


    GO terms for the homologous Drosophila genes

    Assign a GO term to this Tribolium gene by filling in the fields. Repeat to add several GO terms. Search AmiGO for the correct GO ID. Use only the most specific term - use "graph views" to browse related terms ("child terms" are more specific; the more general "parent" terms will be automatically linked). Only information based on Tribolium data should be entered - do not define terms just based on Drosophila knowledge. We will review this information and submit the annotation to the Gene Ontology consortium.


    Gene
    {{ goGene }}
    The Tribolium gene the GO term is assigned to.
    GO ID *
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    The ID of the GO term you assign to the gene. Please enter only the ID of the GO term with proceeding 'GO:'. This information is mandatory.
    Evidence
    {{ blurEvidenceResult }}
    The evidence code describes with which method the function or location, expressed by the GO term, was show for this gene. Please refer to this page for a definition of the evidence code and a decision tree.
    Reference *
    {{ blurReferenceResult }}
    The reference where the function or location is described for the gene. Please enter a PubMed ID. This information is mandatory.
    Quotation
    If you paste here the relevant section of the reference it is for us a great help to review your annotation. The quotation may be also be displayed to the users of iBeetle-Base.
    Name
    You may enter your name. The contact information can help us to clarify any questions. If you agree, we may show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
    Email
    We will use your email address only for possible questions regarding this annotation. We will never show your address or give it away.
    Publish name
    If you have entered your name and agree by marking the checkbox. we might show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
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    * : mandatory fields
    For help on how to submit larger datasets or non experimental data please contact us.
    iBeetle screen iB_02051

    Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

    iB sequence
    Phenotype after pupal injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Pupal injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

    3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

    9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

    11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

    Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

    13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
    The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

    14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
    Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

    15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
    Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

    22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
    Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

    Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

    larval pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    empty eggs
    Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
    strong defects
    L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
    strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
    No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
    cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
    Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
    cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
    At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
    number of eggs on slide
    affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
    For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
    total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
    Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
    inside-out
    The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    Please see the help page for more information
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 0.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

    Analysis of embryonic musculature and early development
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: > 50 embryo/egg not developed/not fertilized - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    larval musculature pattern irregular - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    affected eggs/embryos/larvae - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%
    remarks: muscle pattern potentially obscured by segmentation defect,
    Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: > 50
     cuticle remnants with some identifiable segments - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    larva segment number decreased - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%
    thorax segment number decreased - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%
    thorax dorsal partiallynot fused - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%

    urogomphi mostly present - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%

    abdomen segment number decreased - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
    affected eggs/embryos/larvae - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
    Phenotype after larval injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Larval injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

    11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

    16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

    19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

    22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

    41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

    Terms used in the larval injection procedure

    pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    pupal molt not fulfilled
    The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
    Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

    RNAi sequence
    Primers
    Left: Right:
    Protein sequence
    • >TC031159 RA
      MYLSWFIVI MFLKGATMT LTTRRVVES VELGEGPHW 
DPETQSLYF VDIYGKAIH KYVPATKKH TKAVIGINH 
VSLIVPVQG QKNKFLISI GRDLNIVTW DGESETVSG 
MEKIYEIDN TPDTLQNRF NDGKCDALG RLWAGSMGA 
QPVPGHVEL NKGSFISLE SGRKAKTHL TKVGISNGL 
AWSLDNKYL YYIDSQKNT LDRYDFNLE KGTISNGES 
IFSLKKANL SGILDGMTI DTDGNLWIA NFGGGRVLK 
VDPRKPQTL LQIIQMPAH QVTSVAFGG PNLDELYVT 
TARLTTDGV AYPPPDNGA TYVITGTEA KGLPGIGFK 
LEPSRYFRV RLSKRLNCF NSISLVNMA PTIERIVDS 
VELGEGPHW DAATQSLYF VDIFGKTIH KYVPVTKKH 
TKAVIGTNH VSLIIPVEG EKNKFLITI GRQLVTVKW 
DGSSEKVSE ITKIGEVDD DPETLDNRF NDGKCDPTG 
RLWAGTMGG EPINGHVKP NKGGLFSLG PNQQIRKHL 
SNVSISNGL AWSKDLKKM YYIDSPKRT IDEYEVDMK 
YGTLSNGRP IFTLEKHNI QGFPDGMAI DTDGNLWVA 
VFNGYRVIK IDPRKPETL LQTIQLPAK QVTSVAFGG 
PDLDELYVT SAAFTVDGV ELPPPDHGA TFRIKGIGA 
KGYPGVNVK LQLNNTMVR ITQIGDNLE VGTRIHWDE 
QTQNLYYVD VPTSTIYRY RPSTDEITQ AQVGNEPLA 
FAFPVDGKT DFFIAGLGR KIVLLKWDG ESESVCSCT 
TIAEVDREP HLAKNRLNG AKVDPYGRL WAGTMGAQD 
ANGQTIPKQ GSLYSLTNG RLKREFKEV GISNGIAFD 
LDANKMYYV DTLIPAISA FDYDGESGE ISNKTTVFK 
LECSCINGL PDGLTIDTD GNLWLAVIF GSLVLKIDP 
RTGQLLKKI QMPTPQITA MTWGNKNCD VLYVTSAKM 
AVNGKVPEK PAGCTFKLE NLGHSKGLP GDRYKM
    CDS sequence
    • >TC031159 RA
      atgtattta tcctggttt atcgtaata atgtttctg 
aaaggggca acaatgacc ctaacaaca cgacgggtt 
gttgagagt gtggaactg ggggaaggc ccgcattgg 
gaccctgaa acccaaagt ttgtacttt gtggacatt 
tatggcaaa gctattcac aaatacgtc cccgctacc 
aaaaaacac acaaaagct gtgatcgga attaatcac 
gtctcgttg attgttccg gtgcaaggc caaaaaaac 
aaatttctt attagcatt ggccgtgat ttaaacatc 
gtgacgtgg gacggggaa agtgaaacg gtctcgggc 
atggaaaaa atttacgaa attgataac acacccgac 
acgcttcaa aacagattt aatgacggg aaatgtgac 
gctttgggg cgtctatgg gccgggtca atgggggca 
caaccagtc ccgggacac gtggagcta aacaagggc 
tcatttatc agtttagag tcaggacgc aaagccaaa 
acacacctc actaaagtt gggatttcg aatggtttg 
gcttggagt ttggacaac aagtacttg tattacatc 
gactcacaa aaaaacaca cttgatcga tacgatttt 
aatctcgag aaggggaca atttccaat ggcgagagc 
attttttcg ttaaaaaaa gccaacctg agtgggata 
ttagacgga atgaccatt gatactgac ggcaatttg 
tggattgct aattttgga ggtgggcgc gtactcaaa 
gtggacccc agaaagccc caaacctta ctgcagata 
attcaaatg ccagcgcac caagttact tctgttgcc 
ttcgggggg cctaatcta gacgaactt tacgtcacc 
acagcccga cttacgaca gatggagtg gcgtatccg 
ccccccgat aatggggcc acgtatgtc attacaggg 
acagaggcc aaaggactc ccagggatc ggatttaaa 
ttagaaccc agtagatat ttcagggtc aggctatca 
aagcgcctc aattgcttc aattccata tcattagtg 
aacatggca ccaaccatc gaacgtatc gtcgacagt 
gtcgaactg ggcgaaggc cctcactgg gacgccgcc 
acacaaagc ctctatttc gtcgacatt ttcgggaaa 
accatccat aaatacgtc cctgtcacg aaaaaacac 
accaaagcg gtgattgga acaaaccac gtctcgtta 
ataatcccg gtcgaaggc gaaaaaaac aagtttttg 
ataacaata ggtcgacaa ttggtgaca gtgaaatgg 
gacggaagt agcgagaaa gttagcgaa attacaaaa 
ataggcgaa gttgatgac gacccggaa actctcgat 
aacaggttc aacgacggg aaatgcgac cccacgggg 
agattatgg gcggggact atgggaggc gaaccaatc 
aacggacac gtcaagcca aataaaggc gggcttttc 
agtttagga cccaatcaa caaataagg aaacatttg 
agcaatgtc tccatctcc aatggcctg gcgtggagc 
aaagatttg aaaaaaatg tattacatt gattcgcca 
aaacggaca atcgatgag tatgaagtg gatatgaag 
tatggcact ctttcaaac ggaagaccc atttttacg 
ttagagaaa cacaatatt caaggattc cctgatggg 
atggctatt gacaccgat ggtaattta tgggtggct 
gtttttaac ggatatagg gtcattaaa atcgacccc 
cgaaaacct gaaactctc ctacagacg attcaattg 
cccgctaaa caagtaact tctgtcgct ttcggaggc 
cctgattta gacgaactg tacgttacc tccgccgct 
ttcacggta gatggcgtg gaactaccg cctcccgat 
catggagca actttcagg attaaagga ataggggca 
aaaggatac ccgggagtt aatgtaaaa ttacagtta 
aataacaca atggtccga ataacccaa attggggat 
aatctagaa gtgggcact cgcatccat tgggacgaa 
caaacgcaa aatctttat tacgtggac gtcccaaca 
tcaaccatt tacagatac agaccgtca acggatgaa 
ataacccaa gcgcaagtt ggaaacgaa cctctagct 
tttgcattt ccggtcgat ggtaaaacc gactttttt 
attgctgga cttgggcga aaaatcgtt ttgttaaaa 
tgggacggt gagagtgaa agtgtttgt tcgtgtact 
accattgca gaagtcgat agagaacca catttggcc 
aaaaatcgg ctaaatggc gccaaagtt gacccatat 
gggcgtttg tgggccggt accatgggc gcacaggac 
gccaacggg caaacaatc cccaaacag gggtcgctg 
tatagctta accaacggt agacttaaa cgagagttc 
aaggaagtt ggtatttcg aatgggatt gcattcgat 
ttggacgcg aacaaaatg tattatgtt gacacgtta 
atacctgcc atttcggca ttcgattac gatggcgaa 
agcggcgaa atcagtaac aaaacaaca gtctttaaa 
ttagaatgc agttgcata aatggcctt cccgacgga 
ttgacaatc gacactgac ggtaattta tggttggct 
gtgattttc ggttcactt gttttaaaa attgaccct 
cgaaccggc caacttttg aaaaaaatt caaatgcca 
acgcctcaa atcaccgca atgacttgg ggcaacaaa 
aactgcgac gtcttgtat gtcactagc gccaaaatg 
gcagtaaac ggaaaagtg cccgaaaaa ccggccggt 
tgcactttt aaattggaa aatttgggg cacagtaag 
ggcttacct ggtgaccgt tataaaatg taa
    mRNA sequence
    • >TC031159 RA
      ataaaatca acaataatt aaacgataa agtaacaat 
aatttcggt gctttccgg tgaatatta caacagaaa 
ccttgcacc taaaaagac aaatttcgt gaatcattt 
tttttagtt ttaccgaaa tgtatttat cctggttta 
tcgtaataa tgtttctga aaggggcaa caatgaccc 
taacaacac gacgggttg ttgagagtg tggaactgg 
gggaaggcc cgcattggg accctgaaa cccaaagtt 
tgtactttg tggacattt atggcaaag ctattcaca 
aatacgtcc ccgctacca aaaaacaca caaaagctg 
tgatcggaa ttaatcacg tctcgttga ttgttccgg 
tgcaaggcc aaaaaaaca aatttctta ttagcattg 
gccgtgatt taaacatcg tgacgtggg acggggaaa 
gtgaaacgg tctcgggca tggaaaaaa tttacgaaa 
ttgataaca cacccgaca cgcttcaaa acagattta 
atgacggga aatgtgacg ctttggggc gtctatggg 
ccgggtcaa tgggggcac aaccagtcc cgggacacg 
tggagctaa acaagggct catttatca gtttagagt 
caggacgca aagccaaaa cacacctca ctaaagttg 
ggatttcga atggtttgg cttggagtt tggacaaca 
agtacttgt attacatcg actcacaaa aaaacacac 
ttgatcgat acgatttta atctcgaga aggggacaa 
tttccaatg gcgagagca ttttttcgt taaaaaaag 
ccaacctga gtgggatat tagacggaa tgaccattg 
atactgacg gcaatttgt ggattgcta attttggag 
gtgggcgcg tactcaaag tggacccca gaaagcccc 
aaaccttac tgcagataa ttcaaatgc cagcgcacc 
aagttactt ctgttgcct tcggggggc ctaatctag 
acgaacttt acgtcacca cagcccgac ttacgacag 
atggagtgg cgtatccgc cccccgata atggggcca 
cgtatgtca ttacaggga cagaggcca aaggactcc 
cagggatcg gatttaaat tagaaccca gtagatatt 
tcagggtca ggctatcaa agcgcctca attgcttca 
attccatat cattagtga acatggcac caaccatcg 
aacgtatcg tcgacagtg tcgaactgg gcgaaggcc 
ctcactggg acgccgcca cacaaagcc tctatttcg 
tcgacattt tcgggaaaa ccatccata aatacgtcc 
ctgtcacga aaaaacaca ccaaagcgg tgattggaa 
caaaccacg tctcgttaa taatcccgg tcgaaggcg 
aaaaaaaca agtttttga taacaatag gtcgacaat 
tggtgacag tgaaatggg acggaagta gcgagaaag 
ttagcgaaa ttacaaaaa taggcgaag ttgatgacg 
acccggaaa ctctcgata acaggttca acgacggga 
aatgcgacc ccacgggga gattatggg cggggacta 
tgggaggcg aaccaatca acggacacg tcaagccaa 
ataaaggcg ggcttttca gtttaggac ccaatcaac 
aaataagga aacatttga gcaatgtct ccatctcca 
atggcctgg cgtggagca aagatttga aaaaaatgt 
attacattg attcgccaa aacggacaa tcgatgagt 
atgaagtgg atatgaagt atggcactc tttcaaacg 
gaagaccca tttttacgt tagagaaac acaatattc 
aaggattcc ctgatggga tggctattg acaccgatg 
gtaatttat gggtggctg tttttaacg gatataggg 
tcattaaaa tcgaccccc gaaaacctg aaactctcc 
tacagacga ttcaattgc ccgctaaac aagtaactt 
ctgtcgctt tcggaggcc ctgatttag acgaactgt 
acgttacct ccgccgctt tcacggtag atggcgtgg 
aactaccgc ctcccgatc atggagcaa ctttcagga 
ttaaaggaa taggggcaa aaggatacc cgggagtta 
atgtaaaat tacagttaa ataacacaa tggtccgaa 
taacccaaa ttggggata atctagaag tgggcactc 
gcatccatt gggacgaac aaacgcaaa atctttatt 
acgtggacg tcccaacat caaccattt acagataca 
gaccgtcaa cggatgaaa taacccaag cgcaagttg 
gaaacgaac ctctagctt ttgcatttc cggtcgatg 
gtaaaaccg actttttta ttgctggac ttgggcgaa 
aaatcgttt tgttaaaat gggacggtg agagtgaaa 
gtgtttgtt cgtgtacta ccattgcag aagtcgata 
gagaaccac atttggcca aaaatcggc taaatggcg 
ccaaagttg acccatatg ggcgtttgt gggccggta 
ccatgggcg cacaggacg ccaacgggc aaacaatcc 
ccaaacagg ggtcgctgt atagcttaa ccaacggta 
gacttaaac gagagttca aggaagttg gtatttcga 
atgggattg cattcgatt tggacgcga acaaaatgt 
attatgttg acacgttaa tacctgcca tttcggcat 
tcgattacg atggcgaaa gcggcgaaa tcagtaaca 
aaacaacag tctttaaat tagaatgca gttgcataa 
atggccttc ccgacggat tgacaatcg acactgacg 
gtaatttat ggttggctg tgattttcg gttcacttg 
ttttaaaaa ttgaccctc gaaccggcc aacttttga 
aaaaaattc aaatgccaa cgcctcaaa tcaccgcaa 
tgacttggg gcaacaaaa actgcgacg tcttgtatg 
tcactagcg ccaaaatgg cagtaaacg gaaaagtgc 
ccgaaaaac cggccggtt gcactttta aattggaaa 
atttggggc acagtaagg gcttacctg gtgaccgtt 
ataaaatgt aaccttaaa tagcgcttt attgtacat 
attta

    If you use iBeetle-Base, please cite: Dönitz J et al.: Expanded and updated data and a query pipeline for iBeetle-Base,
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D831-D835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx984.

    The data is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY) CC-BY