Status
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Gene information
General information
TC031386
Former TC numbers

If one gene is splitted or genes are merged, the original TC numbers are listed. One listed former TC number indicates the previous gene has be splitted, serveral former TC number represents a merged gene.

TC011118,TC011117 		Gene

The sequence from the iB fragment is matched against the genes from the official gene set. The matche(s) is/are visualizied in a genome browser.

NW_015450233.1: 25852..36745
Sequence information
Transcripts / Proteins (1) Get mRNA sequence
Get CDS sequence
Get protein sequence
Ortholog information (from OrthoDB)

The information about the homolog genes in Drosophila is provided by OrthoDB http://www.orthodb.org/. The homologs are sorted according to their similarity score. For an orthology statement additional analysis are required.
The data basis for the orthologs is OrthoDB v9 containing OGS3 for Tribolium castaneum and 2015_04 (r6.07) for Drosophila melanogaster.

Closest fly homologs
    		TC031386
    Gene ontology

    GO terms for Tribolium

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    There are no GO terms for Tribolium at the moment. You can help the community by providing some GO terms for this gene.


    GO terms for the homologous Drosophila genes

    Assign a GO term to this Tribolium gene by filling in the fields. Repeat to add several GO terms. Search AmiGO for the correct GO ID. Use only the most specific term - use "graph views" to browse related terms ("child terms" are more specific; the more general "parent" terms will be automatically linked). Only information based on Tribolium data should be entered - do not define terms just based on Drosophila knowledge. We will review this information and submit the annotation to the Gene Ontology consortium.


    Gene
    {{ goGene }}
    The Tribolium gene the GO term is assigned to.
    GO ID *
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    The ID of the GO term you assign to the gene. Please enter only the ID of the GO term with proceeding 'GO:'. This information is mandatory.
    Evidence
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    The evidence code describes with which method the function or location, expressed by the GO term, was show for this gene. Please refer to this page for a definition of the evidence code and a decision tree.
    Reference *
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    The reference where the function or location is described for the gene. Please enter a PubMed ID. This information is mandatory.
    Quotation
    If you paste here the relevant section of the reference it is for us a great help to review your annotation. The quotation may be also be displayed to the users of iBeetle-Base.
    Name
    You may enter your name. The contact information can help us to clarify any questions. If you agree, we may show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
    Email
    We will use your email address only for possible questions regarding this annotation. We will never show your address or give it away.
    Publish name
    If you have entered your name and agree by marking the checkbox. we might show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
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    * : mandatory fields
    For help on how to submit larger datasets or non experimental data please contact us.
    iBeetle screen iB_01806

    Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

    iB sequence
    Phenotype after pupal injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Pupal injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

    3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

    9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

    11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

    Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

    13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
    The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

    14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
    Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

    15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
    Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

    22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
    Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

    Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

    larval pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    empty eggs
    Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
    strong defects
    L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
    strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
    No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
    cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
    Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
    cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
    At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
    number of eggs on slide
    affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
    For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
    total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
    Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
    inside-out
    The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    Please see the help page for more information
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 20.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

    remarks: later than schedule, adult lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (9 dpi)
    Days post injection

    Pupal morphology
    remarks: later than schedule,
    Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: < 20
    Phenotype after larval injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Larval injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

    11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

    16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

    19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

    22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

    41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

    Terms used in the larval injection procedure

    pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    pupal molt not fulfilled
    The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: 10.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
    Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: 30.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

    larva lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (11 dpi)
    Days post injection

    pupal molt delayed (still prepupa) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (11 dpi)
    Days post injection

    eclosion delayed (still pupa) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (16 dpi)
    Days post injection

    eclosion not fulfilled (died as pupa) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (19 dpi)
    Days post injection

    RNAi sequence
    Primers
    Left: Right:
    Protein sequence
    • >TC031386 RA
      MEVFPLIGP NDDFKELWE ADLDPQTMQ EVLRLNAAG 
DVEWSYMEK DLPGVIIHD RLMTDAALG TRPIKTEHS 
YSLASDGDS LPDSPISHN KLEEMDDEC FSLPLKKDT 
ITIKDEPLS ESDSSSCPS SPQSSFMNT SELHFDVEM 
KPTSQSLLK PSSNVIISS PHNVIPQRI MPKLNIKIE 
PGHGFHLPP TPPSCSSSE DSEDNATIS QPPSPNVRK 
TNTRVIMSH ATRQPIHTP LISSQPKGS TGTLVLTDE 
EKRTLIAEG YPVPTRLPL TKAEEKSLK KIRRKIKNK 
ISAQESRRK KKEYMDQLE RKVENLVSE NNEYRSKIE 
SLEDSNTNL LNQLQKLQA IVARTHPQL IKQIK
    CDS sequence
    • >TC031386 RA
      atggaagtg tttccgcta attgggcca aacgacgat 
ttcaaagaa ttgtgggag gctgacttg gacccgcag 
acgatgcaa gaagtgctc cgtttgaac gcagcaggc 
gatgtggaa tggagttat atggaaaag gatttacct 
ggggttata atacacgat cgactcatg acagatgca 
gcccttggt acaagaccc ataaaaacc gaacattcg 
tatagttta gcatcggat ggggattca ctgcccgac 
tcgcccatt tcccataat aaactagaa gaaatggac 
gacgagtgc ttttccctg cctttgaaa aaagacacg 
ataacgata aaagacgaa ccgttgagc gagtccgac 
tcctcctca tgcccctcc tccccgcag tccagcttc 
atgaacacg agcgaattg catttcgac gttgaaatg 
aaacccacc agccaatca ctactcaaa ccctcctca 
aacgtcatc atcagttcg ccacataac gtcatacct 
cagcgtatt atgccaaaa ttgaacatt aaaatcgaa 
ccgggacac ggcttccac ctgcccccg actccgcca 
tcgtgcagc agcagcgaa gacagcgaa gacaacgcc 
accatatcg caacccccc tcccccaac gtgcgcaaa 
accaatacg agagtgatc atgagtcac gcgacccga 
caaccgata cacacaccc ctgatcagc agccaaccg 
aaaggatca acggggacc ctagttttg acagacgag 
gagaaacgg acgctcatt gccgagggg taccccgtc 
cccaccagg ctgccgctc accaaagct gaggaaaag 
tcactaaag aaaattcga aggaaaatc aaaaataag 
atttcggcg caagagagc cgccgaaaa aagaaagag 
tacatggac cagctcgag cgcaaggtc gaaaatttg 
gtgtcggag aacaacgaa tatcgcagc aaaatcgag 
agtcttgag gattcaaac acgaactta ttgaatcag 
ctccaaaag ttgcaagca atcgtcgcg cgaacacac 
ccacagttg atcaaacag atcaagtag
    mRNA sequence
    • >TC031386 RA
      aaagtttgc tttagttat gaattccaa tcatttttt 
aggggtttt ttacaaaat gaaagcaca accttataa 
tttaaaaaa tttaaggca ccatttaca aacataaca 
taattttcg ttttatcca aaactgaaa cagttttcg 
ttgcaaatt ccttgcata ttttcgtcc cttgcccgg 
aaacacccc aaaaattcc gccctttct ctcccatca 
tcaaaagtc attaaacct aaccgattc cgaaaagtc 
agcaattag ccagaacag aaaacgact tggtaataa 
tgcgcagga cgacaccaa acctcactc actaccgct 
cacttccac cacacattc aaactcctt tcagatctc 
gtttccgtc gcgtgtttc atcgccgat ttttcggta 
aaaacaccg gctagaacc cacccccgg acccaaacg 
aacccaccc gaaaaaaag gggcgtgtt agccccacg 
tgtgtcatg accatatgg gaattggtg cagtgagtg 
ttgaaataa tcgaataaa aaatcaatc aagcgaaaa 
aaatggaag tgtttccgc taattgggc caaacgacg 
atttcaaag aattgtggg aggctgact tggacccgc 
agacgatgc aagaagtgc tccgtttga acgcagcag 
gcgatgtgg aatggagtt atatggaaa aggatttac 
ctggggtta taatacacg atcgactca tgacagatg 
cagcccttg gtacaagac ccataaaaa ccgaacatt 
cgtatagtt tagcatcgg atggggatt cactgcccg 
actcgccca tttcccata ataaactag aagaaatgg 
acgacgagt gcttttccc tgcctttga aaaaagaca 
cgataacga taaaagacg aaccgttga gcgagtccg 
actcctcct catgcccct cctccccgc agtccagct 
tcatgaaca cgagcgaat tgcatttcg acgttgaaa 
tgaaaccca ccagccaat cactactca aaccctcct 
caaacgtca tcatcagtt cgccacata acgtcatac 
ctcagcgta ttatgccaa aattgaaca ttaaaatcg 
aaccgggac acggcttcc acctgcccc cgactccgc 
catcgtgca gcagcagcg aagacagcg aagacaacg 
ccaccatat cgcaacccc cctccccca acgtgcgca 
aaaccaata cgagagtga tcatgagtc acgcgaccc 
gacaaccga tacacacac ccctgatca gcagccaac 
cgaaaggat caacgggga ccctagttt tgacagacg 
aggagaaac ggacgctca ttgccgagg ggtaccccg 
tccccacca ggctgccgc tcaccaaag ctgaggaaa 
agtcactaa agaaaattc gaaggaaaa tcaaaaata 
agatttcgg cgcaagaga gccgccgaa aaaagaaag 
agtacatgg accagctcg agcgcaagg tcgaaaatt 
tggtgtcgg agaacaacg aatatcgca gcaaaatcg 
agagtcttg aggattcaa acacgaact tattgaatc 
agctccaaa agttgcaag caatcgtcg cgcgaacac 
acccacagt tgatcaaac agatcaagt aggctccga 
gtacaaaaa aaagtcttc catcaacat tccacaaac 
caaagttta ttatagtgc ggctcaaat atttttgta 
cttaattag ctgtatata aagcgtgtg ccttaaatt 
tttctattg ggaccattg tatttattc gactgattc 
gatccaaga tggcgtgca atgtacata tactatatg 
tttacgaag tgttgcatt ttatcagag tttctattt 
tatatatga atgttacta gagtttagc gaatttttt 
taaatgatg ggtttagat ataatataa cgtttcctc 
gtctgtttt aggtatgag tgtcacgtc aatatgttc 
caagtgttg attaattaa ttaatttaa ttaattttt 
attatattt attattgtc ttaaaggca ggtgcctta 
ttcatgcag tttctatgg catgagagg tttttaaca 
cattgtttt ttgtgtgca attttactc cgagttttg 
gggttttta cttcttttt tgtcatttt atagtgatg 
atcgtcttg cttttatcg cactgtggg taccaatag 
tgtctatta ttgtaacgt tttgattga aataaataa 
caaagcaaa cg

    If you use iBeetle-Base, please cite: Dönitz J et al.: Expanded and updated data and a query pipeline for iBeetle-Base,
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D831-D835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx984.

    The data is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY) CC-BY