Status
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Gene information
General information
TC031464
Former TC numbers

If one gene is splitted or genes are merged, the original TC numbers are listed. One listed former TC number indicates the previous gene has be splitted, serveral former TC number represents a merged gene.

TC004698 		Gene

The sequence from the iB fragment is matched against the genes from the official gene set. The matche(s) is/are visualizied in a genome browser.

NC_007416.3: 46931..53209
Sequence information
Transcripts / Proteins (1) Get mRNA sequence
Get CDS sequence
Get protein sequence
Ortholog information (from OrthoDB)

The information about the homolog genes in Drosophila is provided by OrthoDB http://www.orthodb.org/. The homologs are sorted according to their similarity score. For an orthology statement additional analysis are required.
The data basis for the orthologs is OrthoDB v9 containing OGS3 for Tribolium castaneum and 2015_04 (r6.07) for Drosophila melanogaster.

Closest fly homologs
    		TC031464
    Gene ontology

    GO terms for Tribolium

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    There are no GO terms for Tribolium at the moment. You can help the community by providing some GO terms for this gene.


    GO terms for the homologous Drosophila genes

    Assign a GO term to this Tribolium gene by filling in the fields. Repeat to add several GO terms. Search AmiGO for the correct GO ID. Use only the most specific term - use "graph views" to browse related terms ("child terms" are more specific; the more general "parent" terms will be automatically linked). Only information based on Tribolium data should be entered - do not define terms just based on Drosophila knowledge. We will review this information and submit the annotation to the Gene Ontology consortium.


    Gene
    {{ goGene }}
    The Tribolium gene the GO term is assigned to.
    GO ID *
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    The ID of the GO term you assign to the gene. Please enter only the ID of the GO term with proceeding 'GO:'. This information is mandatory.
    Evidence
    {{ blurEvidenceResult }}
    The evidence code describes with which method the function or location, expressed by the GO term, was show for this gene. Please refer to this page for a definition of the evidence code and a decision tree.
    Reference *
    {{ blurReferenceResult }}
    The reference where the function or location is described for the gene. Please enter a PubMed ID. This information is mandatory.
    Quotation
    If you paste here the relevant section of the reference it is for us a great help to review your annotation. The quotation may be also be displayed to the users of iBeetle-Base.
    Name
    You may enter your name. The contact information can help us to clarify any questions. If you agree, we may show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
    Email
    We will use your email address only for possible questions regarding this annotation. We will never show your address or give it away.
    Publish name
    If you have entered your name and agree by marking the checkbox. we might show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
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    * : mandatory fields
    For help on how to submit larger datasets or non experimental data please contact us.
    iBeetle screen iB_00754

    Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

    iB sequence
    Phenotype after pupal injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Pupal injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

    3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

    9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

    11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

    Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

    13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
    The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

    14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
    Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

    15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
    Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

    22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
    Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

    Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

    larval pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    empty eggs
    Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
    strong defects
    L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
    strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
    No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
    cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
    Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
    cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
    At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
    number of eggs on slide
    affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
    For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
    total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
    Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
    inside-out
    The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    Please see the help page for more information
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 0.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

    Analysis of embryonic musculature and early development
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: > 50 embryo/egg with embryonic tissue, no cuticle, but muscle fluorescence - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 50% - 80%

    with embryonic tissue, no cuticle, no fluorescence - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%

    embryo/egg not developed/not fertilized - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%

    larval musculature irregular - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%
    affected eggs/embryos/larvae total percentage of affected eggs/embryos/larvae on slide - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
    remarks: muscle pattern potentially obscured by segmentation defect,
    Analysis of larval stage 1 cuticle
    number of eggs/embryos/larvae on slide: > 50
     egg without cuticle embryo/egg without visible larval cuticle in cuticle preparation - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    cuticle remnants with unidentifyable segments - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%

    larva appendages shape irregular - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    head appendages partially not present - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%
    metathorax not present - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%

    abdomen mostly not present - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): 30% - 50%

    abdomen partially everted (inside-out) - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): less than 30%

    affected eggs/embryos/larvae total percentage of affected eggs/embryos/larvae on slide - Penetrance (percentage of animals/eggs on slide): more than 80%
    Phenotype after larval injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Larval injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

    11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

    16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

    19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

    22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

    41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

    Terms used in the larval injection procedure

    pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    pupal molt not fulfilled
    The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: 10.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
    Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: 70.0% (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

    larva lethality early (L5/6) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (11 dpi)
    Days post injection

    eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (16 dpi)
    Days post injection

    eclosion not fulfilled (not completely eclosed) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 4 (16 dpi)
    Days post injection

    adult lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 4 (19 dpi)
    Days post injection

    Pupal morphology
    oblique dorsal thoracic muscles size broader - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8

    oblique dorsal thoracic muscles number increased - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8
    female genital lobes rounded - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 8

    Adult morphology
    abdominal odoriferous glands partially colour darker - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 2 (22 dpi)
    Days post injection


    Fertility
    egg production: number no/almost no eggs -
    tropharium size increased - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 3

    ovariole number decreased - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 3
    mature egg number increased - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 3
    RNAi sequence
    Primers
    Left: Right:
    Protein sequence
    • >TC031464 RA
      MSSRQQQQN SSQQSKTAT QSYQKPYNQ ASTPQGPPP 
PYPSPGGGS VKQFKTEVV EQKPAPQPQ THPFTLTQQ 
QLQMLNYFQ QNINNLTPA QENMRLQLQ HQHRLMQQH 
QQQLRHQRQ AQPPRQGST PPAYNGNNF QGDPPTLNP 
PKNLSPPSN GDKLVQPTP NVIPSCARD ITMPVSGQN 
SADMDVSEE ELKDFLSQK DLATTLAEN LLKHFGSDD 
IDIKEEQEQ SDSSKPEMD TKRRIKSPP HDSILTIKS 
EPPWEVDSL HSVEKRPEI EYTIDMDAK TILRLCKGE 
GIKGEISNS LISDRAPPP SPPDPPAIK LNHQQLLPP 
TPSVYLDNK KHAFSPQLQ EFCLKHPIA VVRGLASAL 
KLDLGLFST KTLVEANPD HSVEVRTQI QQPSDENWD 
PQSGKKVWA CISHRSHTT IARYAQYQA SSFKESLKE 
ERDKATSGL SDSDSKDSV NFPKRRRLC NIPPLANTK 
GCNQPKMLK FGTNVDLSD EKKWKAQLQ ELMKLPAFA 
RVVSAGNML SHVGHVILG MNTVQLYMK VPGSRTPGH 
QENNNFCSI NINIGPGDC EWFAVPDAY WGAICALCE 
KNQINYLHG SWWPVLEDL YNANIPVYR FLQRPGDLV 
WVNAGCVHW VQAVGWCNN IAWNVGPLT ARQYQLAIE 
RYEWNKLQS FKSIVPMLH LSWNLSRNI KVSDPKLFQ 
LIKNCLMRT LRQCSMILE FVKHKGVEV KFHGRGKNE 
ASHYCGQCE IEVFNILFI REQEKRHVV HCMDCARKQ 
SPNLEGFVC LEEYKMEEL TEVYDNFTL YPTVSATAE 
QYRLM
    CDS sequence
    • >TC031464 RA
      atgtcatca aggcaacaa caacaaaac agttcgcaa 
caatcgaaa accgccact caatcgtat caaaaaccc 
tataatcaa gcttcgacc ccgcaaggc ccgccaccg 
ccttacccg tccccaggc ggcggctcc gtgaaacaa 
ttcaaaacc gaagtcgtc gaacaaaaa cccgccccc 
caacctcaa actcacccc ttcactctc actcaacag 
caactccaa atgttgaat tactttcaa caaaacata 
aacaatcta acgcctgcc caagaaaat atgagactg 
caactccaa catcagcac cggttgatg caacaacac 
caacaacag ttgagacac caaagacaa gcccagccc 
ccgcgacag ggctccacg ccgcctgcc tacaacgga 
aacaacttc cagggagat cccccgact ttgaatccc 
cccaaaaac ctttcgccc ccctccaat ggagacaaa 
ctagtccaa ccaacacca aatgtgatc ccgagctgc 
gcgagggac ataaccatg cccgtttcg gggcaaaat 
tcagcagac atggacgtg agtgaggaa gaattgaag 
gacttcctc tcgcagaag gatctagca acgacgctc 
gccgaaaat ctgctcaag cacttcggc tccgacgac 
atcgacatc aaagaggaa caggagcaa agtgattca 
tcgaaaccg gaaatggac acgaaacga cgaatcaaa 
tcgccaccg cacgatagc atcctaact atcaaatcg 
gaaccgcct tgggaagtc gattcgctg cattctgtg 
gaaaaacga ccggaaatc gaatacacg atcgacatg 
gacgccaaa acaatccta agactgtgc aaaggtgag 
ggcatcaag ggcgaaatc agcaactcg ttaatatca 
gatcgagcg ccgccccct tcacccccc gacccccca 
gcaataaaa ctaaaccac caacagtta cttccgccc 
accccttcg gtctactta gataataaa aaacacgcg 
tttagtcca cagttacag gagttttgc ctcaaacac 
cccatagct gtagtacgc ggattagcc tcggcgtta 
aaactcgac ttaggctta ttttcgact aaaacacta 
gttgaggct aatcccgat cacagtgtt gaagttagg 
acgcaaata cagcaacca tccgacgaa aactgggac 
ccacagtcc gggaagaag gtctgggct tgtatctcg 
cataggtcg cacacgacc attgccaga tatgcgcag 
taccaagcc tccagcttt aaggaaagt ttaaaggaa 
gagagggat aaggccacc agtggcttg tccgactcg 
gattccaag gactcggtc aattttccc aagaggagg 
cggctctgc aacatcccg cccttggcc aacaccaag 
ggctgcaac cagcccaag atgctaaag tttgggacg 
aacgtggac ttgtcggat gagaaaaag tggaaggcg 
cagcttcag gagttgatg aaactgccg gcgtttgct 
cgagttgtc tcggccgga aacatgctg tcgcacgtg 
ggccacgtg atcctcggc atgaacacg gtccagctg 
tacatgaag gtacctggc agtcggact ccgggccac 
caggaaaac aacaacttt tgctcgatt aacataaac 
atcgggcca ggtgattgc gaatggttt gcggtccct 
gacgcatat tggggcgca atttgcgcc ctgtgcgaa 
aagaaccaa ataaactac cttcatggg tcgtggtgg 
cccgtcctg gaggactta tacaatgcg aatatcccc 
gtttatcgg tttttgcaa cgtcctgga gacctggtc 
tgggtcaat gctgggtgc gtccattgg gtgcaagct 
gtgggctgg tgcaacaac atcgcctgg aacgtgggc 
cctctcaca gcgcggcaa taccaactc gctatcgag 
cgatacgag tggaataaa ctgcagagc ttcaagtca 
attgtgcca atgttgcac ttgtcgtgg aacttgtcg 
cggaatatc aaagtttcc gacccgaag ttgttccag 
ttgattaag aattgctta atgcggacc ttgcgacag 
tgttcgatg attttggag tttgtgaaa cataaaggt 
gtcgaggtc aagttccac ggacgaggg aagaacgaa 
gcgtcgcat tactgtggc caatgcgag atcgaggtg 
tttaatatc ttgttcata agggagcag gagaagcgg 
cacgtggtc cattgtatg gactgcgcg cgcaagcag 
agcccgaac ctggagggg ttcgtgtgt ttggaggag 
tacaaaatg gaggagttg acggaagtt tacgataac 
ttcacttta tatcccacc gttagtgct actgctgag 
caatatcga ctaatgtag
    mRNA sequence
    • >TC031464 RA
      aaaaaagaa aagataatg gaaaagaca aaaaagaaa 
gtgcaatcg cggacacgt gtcggttgt caaactccc 
taggacttg aatcaaata aactataag ctgttgata 
gtagtgata gtatttttc gatgataag ataaggtgt 
gaattggtc taaattatg taaaaatgt tgtaatatc 
gaacgaact gaatttcgt gagattgtg taaacgtgg 
gttagggga gaaaaagca ttcactagg cttgaggtg 
agctgaacc acgtggtga atgcgtttt tctcgcgtg 
attaattaa acaatagta aaaaatagc gagagttgt 
tccttaagt aggcaataa ccttctagg cgtagacaa 
ttgctctcc atagaagaa gcgtggaat cttccgata 
tcggctgaa atgtcatca aggcaacaa caacaaaac 
agttcgcaa caatcgaaa accgccact caatcgtat 
caaaaaccc tataatcaa gcttcgacc ccgcaaggc 
ccgccaccg ccttacccg tccccaggc ggcggctcc 
gtgaaacaa ttcaaaacc gaagtcgtc gaacaaaaa 
cccgccccc caacctcaa actcacccc ttcactctc 
actcaacag caactccaa atgttgaat tactttcaa 
caaaacata aacaatcta acgcctgcc caagaaaat 
atgagactg caactccaa catcagcac cggttgatg 
caacaacac caacaacag ttgagacac caaagacaa 
gcccagccc ccgcgacag ggctccacg ccgcctgcc 
tacaacgga aacaacttc cagggagat cccccgact 
ttgaatccc cccaaaaac ctttcgccc ccctccaat 
ggagacaaa ctagtccaa ccaacacca aatgtgatc 
ccgagctgc gcgagggac ataaccatg cccgtttcg 
gggcaaaat tcagcagac atggacgtg agtgaggaa 
gaattgaag gacttcctc tcgcagaag gatctagca 
acgacgctc gccgaaaat ctgctcaag cacttcggc 
tccgacgac atcgacatc aaagaggaa caggagcaa 
agtgattca tcgaaaccg gaaatggac acgaaacga 
cgaatcaaa tcgccaccg cacgatagc atcctaact 
atcaaatcg gaaccgcct tgggaagtc gattcgctg 
cattctgtg gaaaaacga ccggaaatc gaatacacg 
atcgacatg gacgccaaa acaatccta agactgtgc 
aaaggtgag ggcatcaag ggcgaaatc agcaactcg 
ttaatatca gatcgagcg ccgccccct tcacccccc 
gacccccca gcaataaaa ctaaaccac caacagtta 
cttccgccc accccttcg gtctactta gataataaa 
aaacacgcg tttagtcca cagttacag gagttttgc 
ctcaaacac cccatagct gtagtacgc ggattagcc 
tcggcgtta aaactcgac ttaggctta ttttcgact 
aaaacacta gttgaggct aatcccgat cacagtgtt 
gaagttagg acgcaaata cagcaacca tccgacgaa 
aactgggac ccacagtcc gggaagaag gtctgggct 
tgtatctcg cataggtcg cacacgacc attgccaga 
tatgcgcag taccaagcc tccagcttt aaggaaagt 
ttaaaggaa gagagggat aaggccacc agtggcttg 
tccgactcg gattccaag gactcggtc aattttccc 
aagaggagg cggctctgc aacatcccg cccttggcc 
aacaccaag ggctgcaac cagcccaag atgctaaag 
tttgggacg aacgtggac ttgtcggat gagaaaaag 
tggaaggcg cagcttcag gagttgatg aaactgccg 
gcgtttgct cgagttgtc tcggccgga aacatgctg 
tcgcacgtg ggccacgtg atcctcggc atgaacacg 
gtccagctg tacatgaag gtacctggc agtcggact 
ccgggccac caggaaaac aacaacttt tgctcgatt 
aacataaac atcgggcca ggtgattgc gaatggttt 
gcggtccct gacgcatat tggggcgca atttgcgcc 
ctgtgcgaa aagaaccaa ataaactac cttcatggg 
tcgtggtgg cccgtcctg gaggactta tacaatgcg 
aatatcccc gtttatcgg tttttgcaa cgtcctgga 
gacctggtc tgggtcaat gctgggtgc gtccattgg 
gtgcaagct gtgggctgg tgcaacaac atcgcctgg 
aacgtgggc cctctcaca gcgcggcaa taccaactc 
gctatcgag cgatacgag tggaataaa ctgcagagc 
ttcaagtca attgtgcca atgttgcac ttgtcgtgg 
aacttgtcg cggaatatc aaagtttcc gacccgaag 
ttgttccag ttgattaag aattgctta atgcggacc 
ttgcgacag tgttcgatg attttggag tttgtgaaa 
cataaaggt gtcgaggtc aagttccac ggacgaggg 
aagaacgaa gcgtcgcat tactgtggc caatgcgag 
atcgaggtg tttaatatc ttgttcata agggagcag 
gagaagcgg cacgtggtc cattgtatg gactgcgcg 
cgcaagcag agcccgaac ctggagggg ttcgtgtgt 
ttggaggag tacaaaatg gaggagttg acggaagtt 
tacgataac ttcacttta tatcccacc gttagtgct 
actgctgag caatatcga ctaatgtag caggtttaa 
tttgaagtg ctatctttc agctaccac tgccacttg 
taacggatg tacaactta atgttaata cttgcttat 
taaatgtaa attcgagtg ataatgtaa aatgtagat 
aagtgtgta cataatatt ttcaatttt gtagattgc 
cgataagtt aatgttaca tcttaatac agtgatctc 
ataacagtt atttataag tgtacatat aaaaataaa 
tatatttgt acgatatat ttattttgg agtcaagga 
ataggatga ttcgaatca tcattttcg ttgttatgg 
atgaaacca tattttcac tgccaaaaa ttatatgta 
aatgactgt ttttacgta attttttaa gtctgtacg 
tattgtata attcaaagt ttttttaaa ggcagcaaa 
ttcggttat tgcgtgtat tcgttcact gccactttg 
tgatacatt tctacccga ataccactt tatatgttc 
atagacaga gcctgggtt cgaacagtg ccttcttca 
ataaattat ctaaacaac attgtgaaa aaattcata 
ttttctcca gtcatgacc aattacaaa tacagttac 
attgtgtaa atatgatga tgtattagg aaataaatc 
aggaaactg gctcaattt tctaagtaa ggtaatccc 
tatttcctc tgttcatat agctgtgta ttttatatc 
atgaaaagt ctgatttca ctttatgta ttatatagt 
ttcaattgt agtttagat actacctaa acttgtatt 
tatgattaa ttaaataaa acgttatat ttgga

    If you use iBeetle-Base, please cite: Dönitz J et al.: Expanded and updated data and a query pipeline for iBeetle-Base,
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D831-D835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx984.

    The data is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY) CC-BY