Status
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Gene information
General information
TC032221
Former TC numbers

If one gene is splitted or genes are merged, the original TC numbers are listed. One listed former TC number indicates the previous gene has be splitted, serveral former TC number represents a merged gene.

TC001235,TC001236 		Gene

The sequence from the iB fragment is matched against the genes from the official gene set. The matche(s) is/are visualizied in a genome browser.

NC_007417.3: 13068615..13070815
Sequence information
Transcripts / Proteins (1) Get mRNA sequence
Get CDS sequence
Get protein sequence
Ortholog information (from OrthoDB)

The information about the homolog genes in Drosophila is provided by OrthoDB http://www.orthodb.org/. The homologs are sorted according to their similarity score. For an orthology statement additional analysis are required.
The data basis for the orthologs is OrthoDB v9 containing OGS3 for Tribolium castaneum and 2015_04 (r6.07) for Drosophila melanogaster.

Closest fly homologs
    		TC032221
    Gene ontology

    GO terms for Tribolium

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    There are no GO terms for Tribolium at the moment. You can help the community by providing some GO terms for this gene.


    GO terms for the homologous Drosophila genes

    Assign a GO term to this Tribolium gene by filling in the fields. Repeat to add several GO terms. Search AmiGO for the correct GO ID. Use only the most specific term - use "graph views" to browse related terms ("child terms" are more specific; the more general "parent" terms will be automatically linked). Only information based on Tribolium data should be entered - do not define terms just based on Drosophila knowledge. We will review this information and submit the annotation to the Gene Ontology consortium.


    Gene
    {{ goGene }}
    The Tribolium gene the GO term is assigned to.
    GO ID *
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    The ID of the GO term you assign to the gene. Please enter only the ID of the GO term with proceeding 'GO:'. This information is mandatory.
    Evidence
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    The evidence code describes with which method the function or location, expressed by the GO term, was show for this gene. Please refer to this page for a definition of the evidence code and a decision tree.
    Reference *
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    The reference where the function or location is described for the gene. Please enter a PubMed ID. This information is mandatory.
    Quotation
    If you paste here the relevant section of the reference it is for us a great help to review your annotation. The quotation may be also be displayed to the users of iBeetle-Base.
    Name
    You may enter your name. The contact information can help us to clarify any questions. If you agree, we may show your name on this page to honor your contribution.
    Email
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    Publish name
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    * : mandatory fields
    For help on how to submit larger datasets or non experimental data please contact us.
    iBeetle screen iB_07897

    Attention! iBeetle is a first pass screen. Hence, the documented phenotypes need to be confirmed by independent experiments using non-overlapping dsRNA fragments! Phenotypes with a penetrance > 50% are frequently reproduced. See Schmitt-Engel et al. 2015 for details on reproducibility.

    iB sequence
    Phenotype after pupal injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Pupal injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female pupae of the pBA19 strain (muscle enhancer trap line) were injected with dsRNA.

    3 days post injection (dpi): Hatch control: Pupal and adult lethality as well as metamorphosis defects (molting, eclosion) were documented. For mating, 4 males of the black strain were added.

    9 dpi: First egg-lay was collected and incubated for cuticle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) was documented.

    11 dpi: Second egg-lay was collected and incubated for embryonic muscle analysis. Adult lethality and egg production (reduced/ no egg-lay) were documented.

    Note: The adult morphology was not analyzed systematically at 3/9/11 dpi. Only obvious phenotypes, visible without magnification, have been annotated.

    13 dpi: Egg productivity and Ovary analysis
    The percentage of hatched larvae was documented and not hatched larvae/ eggs were embedded for cuticle analysis (15 dpi). In case of a reduction of egg production, 4 injected females were dissected to analyze the gross morphology of the ovaries.

    14 dpi: Analysis of embryonic musculature and early embryonic development
    Offspring of the injected females (hatched and not hatched larvae/ eggs) were analysed for embryonic lethality and muscle defects.

    15 dpi: Analysis of larval instar 1 cuticle
    Offspring of injected females were analysed and cuticle phenotypes were annotated.

    22 dpi: Stink gland analysis
    Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands (colour, size, content) of the injected femals.

    Terms used in the pupal injection procedure

    larval pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    empty eggs
    Just empty shells are visible, no cuticle has been developed.
    strong defects
    L1 cuticle larvae which show severe defects. These strong defects are subdivided into three categories
    strongly fragmented (cuticle crumbs)
    No segments or appendages are identifiable, only residues of cuticle and bristles can be identified.
    cuticle remnants (with unidentifiable segments)
    Segments or parts of appendages are recognizable, but identity is not clear.
    cuticle remnants (with some identifiable segments)
    At least one segment or appendage is clearly regonizable.
    number of eggs on slide
    affected embryos usually (not always) do not hatch. Only the not hatched were used for cuticle analysis.
    For the embryonic muscle analysis the hatched as well as the not hatched were analysed.
    total number of affected eggs/embryos/larvae
    Summary of all different phenotypes/ phenotypic series which were annotated.
    inside-out
    The L1 larva shows a partial or complete inversion., e.g. bristles, appendages or parts of the abdominal segments are inverted into the interior of the cuticle.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    Please see the help page for more information
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethality 11 days after pupal injection: 50.0% (includes death as pupa, adult)

    eclosion not fulfilled (with pupal and adult features) - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 4 (3 dpi)
    Days post injection

    adult lethality - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 1 (9 dpi)
    Days post injection

    Fertility
    tropharium structure irregular - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 4

    vitellarium size decreased - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 4
    egg chamber mostly not present - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 4

    mature egg not present - Number of animals showing the phenotype: 4
    Phenotype after larval injection
    Usually 10 injected animals

    Larval injection procedure

    Day 0: 10 female L5-6 larvae of the D17Xhom strain (females express RFP in the eyes and in the CNS; pupae express GFP in the thorax) were injected with dsRNA.

    11 days post injection (dpi): Pupal morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of pupal head and appendages, pupal thorax, pupal thoracic musculature, pupal legs, pupal wings, pupal abdomen and pupal genital lobes.

    16 dpi: Adult morphology Documentation of larval/ pupal and adult death and defects of metamorphosis (eclosion, delayed development). Screening for alterations of adult head and appendages, adult thorax, adult elytra and hindwings, adult legs and cuticle properties. For mating 4 males of the black strain were added.

    19 dpi: Sieving and egg-lay Documentation of adult lethality and enduring metamorphosis defects.

    22 dpi: Ovary analysis (Fertility) In case of a reduction of egg production 4 females were dissected and the gross morphology of the ovaries were analysed.

    41 dpi: Fertility and stink gland analysis Documentation of defects in abdominal and thoracic stink glands development (colour, size, content) of the injected females. Check for fertility of injected larvae (no or decreased offspring).

    Terms used in the larval injection procedure

    pupal/ adult pantagmatic defects
    At least two tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen or terminus) show similar/ comparable defects.
    pupal molt not fulfilled
    The hatching from the larva to the pupa is interrupted. Either it dies as prepupa or the phenotype shows larval as well as pupal features.
    eclosion not fulfilled
    The emergence of the adult from the pupa stage is interrupted. This phenotype shows pupal as well as adult features.
    starved
    Dissected females show a strong resorption of fatbody predominately in the abdomen and the oogenesis is blocked. These are considered as eventually lethal phenotypes and the blocked oogenesis probably a secondary defect due to starvation.
    Metamorphosis and survival

    Lethalities 11 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa)
    Lethalities 22 days after larval injection: % (includes death as larva, prepupa, pupa, adult)

    RNAi sequence
    Primers
    Left: Right:
    Protein sequence
    • >TC032221 RA
      MTDEPEKDI NDVFSDILL SEDRIFEQS YNQGYELGK 
GEENIEAYH LGYHRGAEL GAEIGYYTS ITSYYLSHK 
SGDEKIVKE LDTLKEMLN SFPRENDPN VDILELIGK 
IRAKFKKIC AVLKLQPSF PEQTIDSLL AFLEPLLGF 
ANCHMVDFY TQNSYKKFV SPEIQNEIE QIGYENTIK 
RIFLNEFDA TPHLKQFVE DSSKFTLKN CHVCLNLDS 
FTQKLQSWG CDTLDTFKL EIFMNAKKS HEVEILSAV 
AAALFRVSQ ASHVVDLGD GKGYLSSML ALQHQIPVV 
GIDASNTNT CGAIKRATK LSKVWNGIP KAPHKSLPK 
KTENFASPH VELYKQVTR FVDERFDLL GLVRDVFPN 
VSHLGLVGL HTCGDLAAS SLKIFSRNE AVKSVCNVG 
CCYHLLDES GFPLSRFLT DRGFVLGRS ARMIANQSV 
ERVLQEGEL PNITIFYRA ILQVLLEEF CTDLPTKHV 
GKFRKVPVN FLDYVRLAL KRIDVTLDL TDNEVGAIF 
SRYEKRLNE LNVFYLLRC KLSPVVESL ILLDRLLFL 
QEQGFENSF LVQFFDPVV SPRCYGIVA VKNAL
    CDS sequence
    • >TC032221 RA
      atgacagat gagcccgaa aaagacatt aacgatgtt 
ttctccgac attctcctg agcgaggac cgcattttc 
gagcaaagt tacaaccaa ggctacgaa ttaggaaaa 
ggggaagaa aacatcgaa gcctaccac ttgggttat 
catcgtggg gccgaatta ggtgcagaa atcggttat 
tacaccagt attacgtca tattattta agccataaa 
tcaggtgac gaaaaaatc gtcaaagaa ctcgatact 
ttgaaggaa atgttaaat tcttttccc agagaaaat 
gacccaaat gttgatata ttagaactc ataggcaaa 
attcgagcg aaattcaaa aaaatctgc gcggttttg 
aaactacaa ccctctttt cccgaacaa acaattgac 
agtcttttg gcgtttctg gaaccattg ttgggtttt 
gccaactgt cacatggta gatttttac acccagaat 
tcctacaaa aaatttgta tctccggaa attcaaaac 
gaaatcgaa caaattggt tacgaaaac acaatcaag 
cgcattttc ctgaacgag tttgacgcg acccctcat 
ttgaaacaa tttgtcgaa gacagctca aaatttacg 
ttaaaaaac tgccacgtg tgtctcaat ttggactct 
ttcactcaa aaactgcaa tcgtggggc tgtgatact 
ttagatacg ttcaaactc gagattttc atgaatgcg 
aaaaaatcg cacgaggtt gagatttta agcgccgtg 
gccgcggcc ctattccgg gtctcgcaa gcgtctcat 
gtggtggat ttgggcgat ggcaagggc tatctaagc 
tcgatgtta gccctccaa caccaaatc ccggtcgtg 
ggaatagac gcgtccaac actaacact tgtggggct 
atcaagcgc gccaccaaa ctctccaaa gtgtggaac 
ggcatcccc aaggcgccc cacaaatcg ctccctaaa 
aaaaccgaa aatttcgcc agcccccac gttgaactt 
tacaaacaa gtcacgcgg tttgttgac gaaaggttc 
gacttgttg gggcttgtg cgggacgtt tttcccaac 
gtgtctcac ctggggctc gtggggctc cacacgtgt 
ggcgacttg gctgccagt tccttgaaa atttttagt 
agaaatgag gcagtcaag tcggtctgt aacgtgggg 
tgttgttat catttgctg gacgaatcg gggtttccc 
ctaagtagg tttctcaca gatcggggg tttgttctt 
ggacgaagc gcccgaatg attgcgaat caatcggtc 
gagagggtt ttacaagag ggcgagttg ccaaacatt 
acgattttt tatcgcgcg attttgcaa gtcttgctt 
gaggagttt tgtacagat ttgcccacg aaacatgtc 
gggaagttt cggaaagtg ccggttaat tttttggac 
tacgtccga ctagcttta aaacgaatt gacgtcact 
cttgacttg actgataac gaagttggg gctattttt 
tcacgttat gagaaacga ctcaatgaa ttgaatgtt 
ttttacttg ttacggtgc aagttatca ccggttgtt 
gaaagtttg attttgctt gatcgcctc ttgttttta 
caagagcaa ggttttgag aattcgttt ctggtccag 
tttttcgat cctgttgtg tcaccccga tgttatggc 
attgttgca gttaaaaat gcattgtaa
    mRNA sequence
    • >TC032221 RA
      agggtttaa aatcctaac cttttttta tggtgcaat 
tttttgatt gaaactttg tgattattg taccgattt 
tttgtaaat ctgcaatta tcatttgtg ttacacacg 
tttcgcaag ttttgtgct tgataagcg ttatgcaag 
accatgaca gatgagccc gaaaaagac attaacgat 
gttttctcc gacattctc ctgagcgag gaccgcatt 
ttcgagcaa agttacaac caaggctac gaattagga 
aaaggggaa gaaaacatc gaagcctac cacttgggt 
tatcatcgt ggggccgaa ttaggtgca gaaatcggt 
tattacacc agtattacg tcatattat ttaagccat 
aaatcaggt gacgaaaaa atcgtcaaa gaactcgat 
actttgaag gaaatgtta aattctttt cccagagaa 
aatgaccca aatgttgat atattagaa ctcataggc 
aaaattcga gcgaaattc aaaaaaatc tgcgcggtt 
ttgaaacta caaccctct tttcccgaa caaacaatt 
gacagtctt ttggcgttt ctggaacca ttgttgggt 
tttgccaac tgtcacatg gtagatttt tacacccag 
aattcctac aaaaaattt gtatctccg gaaattcaa 
aacgaaatc gaacaaatt ggttacgaa aacacaatc 
aagcgcatt ttcctgaac gagtttgac gcgacccct 
catttgaaa caatttgtc gaagacagc tcaaaattt 
acgttaaaa aactgccac gtgtgtctc aatttggac 
tctttcact caaaaactg caatcgtgg ggctgtgat 
actttagat acgttcaaa ctcgagatt ttcatgaat 
gcgaaaaaa tcgcacgag gttgagatt ttaagcgcc 
gtggccgcg gccctattc cgggtctcg caagcgtct 
catgtggtg gatttgggc gatggcaag ggctatcta 
agctcgatg ttagccctc caacaccaa atcccggtc 
gtgggaata gacgcgtcc aacactaac acttgtggg 
gctatcaag cgcgccacc aaactctcc aaagtgtgg 
aacggcatc cccaaggcg ccccacaaa tcgctccct 
aaaaaaacc gaaaatttc gccagcccc cacgttgaa 
ctttacaaa caagtcacg cggtttgtt gacgaaagg 
ttcgacttg ttggggctt gtgcgggac gtttttccc 
aacgtgtct cacctgggg ctcgtgggg ctccacacg 
tgtggcgac ttggctgcc agttccttg aaaattttt 
agtagaaat gaggcagtc aagtcggtc tgtaacgtg 
gggtgttgt tatcatttg ctggacgaa tcggggttt 
cccctaagt aggtttctc acagatcgg gggtttgtt 
cttggacga agcgcccga atgattgcg aatcaatcg 
gtcgagagg gttttacaa gagggcgag ttgccaaac 
attacgatt ttttatcgc gcgattttg caagtcttg 
cttgaggag ttttgtaca gatttgccc acgaaacat 
gtcgggaag tttcggaaa gtgccggtt aattttttg 
gactacgtc cgactagct ttaaaacga attgacgtc 
actcttgac ttgactgat aacgaagtt ggggctatt 
ttttcacgt tatgagaaa cgactcaat gaattgaat 
gttttttac ttgttacgg tgcaagtta tcaccggtt 
gttgaaagt ttgattttg cttgatcgc ctcttgttt 
ttacaagag caaggtttt gagaattcg tttctggtc 
cagtttttc gatcctgtt gtgtcaccc cgatgttat 
ggcattgtt gcagttaaa aatgcattg taatggatt 
gaataaaac acaatactg gtttcattc ttttattaa 
tttgtttac aactaaacc catttagaa aaaaggtta 
cacgattta agtacctac actgcaata tttcagtcg 
tttctaaat taaagcgcg gctaattta tgactaagg 
tttgcatat aaaaaatac atttcattt gtagatggc 
aagccagta aaaaacaat tacgttaca tattttaca 
ataaaaatt tccgtaaaa c

    If you use iBeetle-Base, please cite: Dönitz J et al.: Expanded and updated data and a query pipeline for iBeetle-Base,
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D831-D835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx984.

    The data is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY) CC-BY